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vimsuite/vimfiles/doc/pi_netrw.txt
stefan 1ef6705fdb GetLatestVimscripts 
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2008-10-30 08:14:42 +00:00

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*pi_netrw.txt* For Vim version 7.2. Last change: 2008 Oct 23
-----------------------------------------------------
NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL by Charles E. Campbell, Jr.
-----------------------------------------------------
*dav* *ftp* *netrw-file* *Nread* *rcp* *scp*
*davs* *http* *netrw.vim* *Nsource* *rsync* *sftp*
*fetch* *netrw* *network* *Nwrite*
==============================================================================
1. Contents *netrw-contents* {{{1
1. Contents.............................................|netrw-contents|
2. Starting With Netrw..................................|netrw-start|
3. Netrw Reference......................................|netrw-ref|
EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS................|netrw-externapp|
READING............................................|netrw-read|
WRITING............................................|netrw-write|
DIRECTORY LISTING..................................|netrw-dirlist|
CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD...................|netrw-chgup|
VARIABLES AND SETTINGS.............................|netrw-variables|
PATHS..............................................|netrw-path|
4. Network-Oriented File Transfer.......................|netrw-xfer|
NETRC..............................................|netrw-netrc|
PASSWORD...........................................|netrw-passwd|
5. Activation...........................................|netrw-activate|
6. Transparent File Editing.............................|netrw-transparent|
7. Ex Commands..........................................|netrw-ex|
8. Variables and Options................................|netrw-var|
9. Browsing.............................................|netrw-browse|
Introduction To Browsing...........................|netrw-intro-browse|
Quick Reference: Maps..............................|netrw-browse-maps|
Quick Reference: Commands..........................|netrw-browse-cmds|
Bookmarking A Directory............................|netrw-mb|
Browsing...........................................|netrw-cr|
Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window..........|netrw-o|
Browsing With A New Tab............................|netrw-t|
Browsing With A Vertically Split Window............|netrw-v|
Change Listing Style...............................|netrw-i|
Changing To A Bookmarked Directory.................|netrw-gb|
Changing To A Predecessor Directory................|netrw-u|
Changing To A Successor Directory..................|netrw-U|
Customizing Browsing With A User Function..........|netrw-x|
Deleting Bookmarks.................................|netrw-mB|
Deleting Files Or Directories......................|netrw-D|
Directory Exploring Commands.......................|netrw-explore|
Exploring With Stars and Patterns..................|netrw-star|
Displaying Information About File..................|netrw-qf|
Edit File Or Directory Hiding List.................|netrw-ctrl-h|
Editing The Sorting Sequence.......................|netrw-S|
Going Up...........................................|netrw--|
Hiding Files Or Directories........................|netrw-a|
Improving Browsing.................................|netrw-ssh-hack|
Listing Bookmarks And History......................|netrw-qb|
Making A New Directory.............................|netrw-d|
Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory|netrw-c|
Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
Marking Files By Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
Marked Files: Arbitrary Command....................|netrw-mx|
Marked Files: Compression And Decompression........|netrw-mz|
Marked Files: Copying..............................|netrw-mc|
Marked Files: Diff.................................|netrw-md|
Marked Files: Editing..............................|netrw-me|
Marked Files: Grep.................................|netrw-mg|
Marked Files: Hiding and Unhiding by Suffix........|netrw-mh|
Marked Files: Moving...............................|netrw-mm|
Marked Files: Printing.............................|netrw-mp|
Marked Files: Sourcing.............................|netrw-ms|
Marked Files: Tagging..............................|netrw-mT|
Marked Files: Setting the Target Directory.........|netrw-mt|
Marked Files: Unmarking............................|netrw-mu|
Netrw Browser Variables............................|netrw-browser-var|
Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities........|netrw-incompatible|
Netrw Settings.....................................|netrw-settings|
Obtaining A File...................................|netrw-O|
Preview Window.....................................|netrw-p|
Previous Window....................................|netrw-P|
Refreshing The Listing.............................|netrw-ctrl-l|
Renaming Files Or Directories......................|netrw-move|
Reversing Sorting Order............................|netrw-r|
Selecting Sorting Style............................|netrw-s|
10. Problems and Fixes...................................|netrw-problems|
11. Debugging Netrw Itself...............................|netrw-debug|
12. History..............................................|netrw-history|
13. Credits..............................................|netrw-credits|
{Vi does not have any of this}
==============================================================================
2. Starting With Netrw *netrw-start* {{{1
Netrw makes reading files, writing files, browsing over a network, and
browsing locally easy! First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so
you'll need to have at least the following in your <.vimrc>:
(or see |netrw-activate|) >
set nocp " 'compatible' is not set
filetype plugin on " plugins are enabled
<
(see |'cp'| and |:filetype-plugin-on|)
Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls
(see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an
account on some other machine; if you can use scp, try: >
vim scp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check out |netrw-ssh-hack|!
So, what if you have ftp, not ssh/scp? That's easy, too; try >
vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ftp simpler to use? See if your ftp supports a file called
<.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write
permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc),
and has lines resembling >
machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
...
default login USERID password "PASSWORD"
<
Now about browsing -- when you just want to look around before editing a
file. For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory: >
vim .
vim /home/userid/path
<
For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that
the directory name is followed by a "/"): >
vim scp://hostname/
vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/
<
See |netrw-browse| for more!
There are more protocols supported by netrw just than scp and ftp, too: see the
next section, |netrw-externapp|, for how to use these external applications.
If you want to use plugins, but for some reason don't wish to use netrw, then
you need to avoid loading both the plugin and the autoload portions of netrw.
You may do so by placing the following two lines in your <.vimrc>: >
:let g:loaded_netrw = 1
:let g:loaded_netrwPlugin = 1
<
==============================================================================
3. Netrw Reference *netrw-ref* {{{1
Netrw supports several protocols in addition to scp and ftp mentioned
in |netrw-start|. These include dav, fetch, http,... well, just look
at the list in |netrw-externapp|. Each protocol is associated with a
variable which holds the default command supporting that protocol.
EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS *netrw-externapp* {{{2
Protocol Variable Default Value
-------- ---------------- -------------
dav: *g:netrw_dav_cmd* = "cadaver" if cadaver is executable
dav: g:netrw_dav_cmd = "curl -o" elseif curl is available
fetch: *g:netrw_fetch_cmd* = "fetch -o" if fetch is available
ftp: *g:netrw_ftp_cmd* = "ftp"
http: *g:netrw_http_cmd* = "elinks" if elinks is available
http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "links" elseif links is available
http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "curl" elseif curl is available
http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "wget" elseif wget is available
http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "fetch" elseif fetch is available
rcp: *g:netrw_rcp_cmd* = "rcp"
rsync: *g:netrw_rsync_cmd* = "rsync -a"
scp: *g:netrw_scp_cmd* = "scp -q"
sftp: *g:netrw_sftp_cmd* = "sftp"
*g:netrw_http_xcmd* : the option string for http://... protocols are
specified via this variable and may be independently oveerridden.
elinks : "-dump >"
links : "-dump >"
curl : "-o"
wget : "-q -O"
fetch : "-o"
For example, if your system has elinks but you want to see the html
source in detail rather than a text rendering thereof, you may wish
to have let g:netrw_http_xcmd= "-source >" in your .vimrc.
READING *netrw-read* *netrw-nread* {{{2
Generally, one may just use the url notation with a normal editing
command, such as >
:e ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nread command:
:Nread ? give help
:Nread "machine:path" uses rcp
:Nread "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nread "machine id password path" uses ftp
:Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver
:Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path" uses fetch
:Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nread "http://[user@]machine/path" uses http uses wget
:Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp
:Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync
:Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp
:Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp
WRITING *netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite* {{{2
One may just use the url notation with a normal file writing
command, such as >
:w ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nwrite command:
:Nwrite ? give help
:Nwrite "machine:path" uses rcp
:Nwrite "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nwrite "machine id password path" uses ftp
:Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver
:Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp
:Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync
:Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp
:Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp
http: not supported!
SOURCING *netrw-source* {{{2
One may just use the url notation with the normal file sourcing
command, such as >
:so ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nsource command:
:Nsource ? give help
:Nsource "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver
:Nsource "fetch://[user@]machine/path" uses fetch
:Nsource "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nsource "http://[user@]machine/path" uses http uses wget
:Nsource "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp
:Nsource "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync
:Nsource "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp
:Nsource "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp
DIRECTORY LISTING *netrw-dirlist* {{{2
One may browse a directory to get a listing by simply attempting to
edit the directory: >
:e scp://[user]@hostname/path/
:e ftp://[user]@hostname/path/
<
For remote directories (ie. those using scp or ftp), that trailing
"/" is necessary (it tells netrw that its to treat it as a directory
to browse instead of a file to download).
However, the Nread command can also be used to accomplish this:
:Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/
*netrw-login* *netrw-password*
CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD *netrw-chgup* *netrw-userpass* {{{2
Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password.
These will be saved in global variables g:netrw_uid and
s:netrw_passwd; subsequent uses of ftp will re-use those two items to
simplify the further use of ftp. However, if you need to use a
different user id and/or password, you'll want to call NetUserPass()
first. To work around the need to enter passwords, check if your ftp
supports a <.netrc> file in your home directory. Also see
|netrw-passwd| (and if you're using ssh/scp hoping to figure out how
to not need to use passwords, look at |netrw-ssh-hack|).
:NetUserPass [uid [password]] -- prompts as needed
:call NetUserPass() -- prompts for uid and password
:call NetUserPass("uid") -- prompts for password
:call NetUserPass("uid","password") -- sets global uid and password
NETRW VARIABLES AND SETTINGS *netrw-variables* {{{2
(also see: |netrw-browser-var| |netrw-protocol| |netrw-settings| |netrw-var|)
Netrw provides a lot of variables which allow you to customize netrw to your
preferences. One way to look at them is via the command :NetrwSettings (see
|netrw-settings|) which will display your current netrw settings. Most such
settings are described below, in |netrw-browser-options|, and in
|netrw-externapp|:
*b:netrw_lastfile* last file Network-read/written retained on a per-buffer
basis (supports plain :Nw )
*g:netrw_ftp* if it doesn't exist, use default ftp
=0 use default ftp (uid password)
=1 use alternate ftp method (user uid password)
If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the
value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp
method works for your setup.
*g:netrw_extracmd* default: doesn't exist
If this variable exists, then any string it contains
will be placed into the commands set to your ftp
client. As an example:
="passive"
*g:netrw_ftpmode* ="binary" (default)
="ascii"
*g:netrw_ignorenetrc* =0 (default for linux, cygwin)
=1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and
you want it ignored, then set this variable as
shown. (default for Windows + cmd.exe)
*g:netrw_menu* =0 disable netrw's menu
=1 (default) netrw's menu enabled
*g:netrw_nogx* if this variable exists, then the "gx" map will not
be available (see |netrw-gx|)
*g:netrw_uid* (ftp) user-id, retained on a per-session basis
*s:netrw_passwd* (ftp) password, retained on a per-session basis
*g:netrw_preview* =0 (default) preview window shown in a horizontally
split window
=1 preview window shown in a vertically split window.
Also affects the "previous window" (see |netrw-P|) in
the same way.
*g:netrw_scpport* = "-P" : option to use to set port for scp
*g:netrw_sshport* = "-p" : option to use to set port for ssh
*g:netrw_silent* =0 : transfers done normally
=1 : transfers done silently
*g:netrw_use_errorwindow* =1 : messages from netrw will use a separate one
line window. This window provides reliable
delivery of messages. (default)
=0 : messages from netrw will use echoerr ;
messages don't always seem to show up this
way, but one doesn't have to quit the window.
*g:netrw_win95ftp* =1 if using Win95, will remove four trailing blank
lines that o/s's ftp "provides" on transfers
=0 force normal ftp behavior (no trailing line removal)
*g:netrw_cygwin* =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also
permits network browsing to use ls with time and
size sorting (default if windows)
=0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths
Network browsing uses dir instead of ls
This option is ignored if you're using unix
*g:netrw_use_nt_rcp* =0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP
=1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode (default)
PATHS *netrw-path* {{{2
Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols.
It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some
associated directory, however.
>
example: vim scp://user@host/somefile
example: vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<
where "somefile" is in the "user"'s home directory. If you wish to get a
file using root-relative paths, use the full path:
>
example: vim scp://user@host//somefile
example: vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<
==============================================================================
4. Network-Oriented File Transfer *netrw-xfer* {{{1
Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a VimL-based script
(<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques. It currently supports both reading and
writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch,
dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp.
http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch.
<netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the
various file transfer programs. It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd,
FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames. >
ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the
example, it's ftp. The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a
series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program
(ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol. Files are read
from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the
<netrw.vim> script will clean up.
*netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp* *netrw-psftp*
One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a
variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to
"scp -q"). As an example, consider using PuTTY: >
let g:netrw_scp_cmd = '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch'
let g:netrw_sftp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\psftp.exe"'
<
See |netrw-p8| for more about putty, pscp, psftp, etc.
Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations.
Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the
file). Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function
that will clean up after reading with their ftp. Some Unix systems (ie.,
FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is
not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use.
Consequently, if "fetch" is executable, it will be used to do reads for
ftp://... (and http://...) . See |netrw-var| for more about this.
For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers
transparently; ie.
>
vim rcp://[user@]machine/path
vim scp://[user@]machine/path
<
If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be just as transparently used
if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in
that file. Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however.
>
vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path
<
However, ftp will often need to query the user for the userid and password.
The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of
the actually-typed-in password. Netrw will retain the userid and password
for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent
transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without
additional prompting.
*netrw-urls*
+=================================+============================+============+
| Reading | Writing | Uses |
+=================================+============================+============+
| DAV: | | |
| dav://host/path | | cadaver |
| :Nread dav://host/path | :Nwrite dav://host/path | cadaver |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| DAV + SSL: | | |
| davs://host/path | | cadaver |
| :Nread davs://host/path | :Nwrite davs://host/path | cadaver |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| FETCH: | | |
| fetch://[user@]host/path | | |
| fetch://[user@]host:http/path | Not Available | fetch |
| :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path| | |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| FILE: | | |
| file:///* | file:///* | |
| file://localhost/* | file://localhost/* | |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| FTP: (*3) | (*3) | |
| ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp (*2) |
| :Nread ftp://host/path | :Nwrite ftp://host/path | ftp+.netrc |
| :Nread host path | :Nwrite host path | ftp+.netrc |
| :Nread host uid pass path | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| HTTP: wget is executable: (*4) | | |
| http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | wget |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| HTTP: fetch is executable (*4) | | |
| http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | fetch |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| RCP: | | |
| rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| RSYNC: | | |
| rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync |
| :Nread rsync://host/path | :Nwrite rsync://host/path | rsync |
| :Nread rcp://host/path | :Nwrite rcp://host/path | rcp |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| SCP: | | |
| scp://[user@]host/path | scp://[user@]host/path | scp |
| :Nread scp://host/path | :Nwrite scp://host/path | scp (*1) |
+---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| SFTP: | | |
| sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp |
| :Nread sftp://host/path | :Nwrite sftp://host/path | sftp (*1) |
+=================================+============================+============+
(*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path.
(*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will
work with your ftp client. Otherwise the script will
prompt for user-id and password.
(*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port
if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port
(*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used. Otherwise,
if fetch is available it will be used.
Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames.
NETRC *netrw-netrc*
The <.netrc> file, typically located in your home directory, contains lines
therein which map a hostname (machine name) to the user id and password you
prefer to use with it.
The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below.
Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't.
>
machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}"
default login {user-id} password "{password}"
Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the
<.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or
password.
Note:
Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can
read this file! Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is
readable for others. Don't forget that the system administrator can
still read the file! Ie. for Linux/Unix: chmod 600 .netrc
PASSWORD *netrw-passwd*
The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|,
a built-in Vim function. See |netrw-uidpass| for how to change the password
after one has set it.
Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to
scp. Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password.
However, |netrw-ssh-hack| can help with this problem.
==============================================================================
5. Activation *netrw-activate* {{{1
Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's
|'nocompatible'| mode is enabled. Netrw's script files reside in your
system's plugin, autoload, and syntax directories; just the
plugin/netrwPlugin.vim script is sourced automatically whenever you bring up
vim. The main script in autoload/netrw.vim is only loaded when you actually
use netrw. I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in
your <.vimrc> customization file: >
set nocp
if version >= 600
filetype plugin indent on
endif
<
==============================================================================
6. Transparent File Editing *netrw-transparent* {{{1
Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write
(invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd|, |BufWriteCmd|, or |SourceCmd|
events) is made. Thus one may read, write, or source files across networks
just as easily as if they were local files! >
vim ftp://[user@]machine/path
...
:wq
See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins
such as netrw.
==============================================================================
7. Ex Commands *netrw-ex* {{{1
The usual read/write commands are supported. There are also a few
additional commands available. Often you won't need to use Nwrite or
Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. simply use >
:e url
:r url
:w url
instead, as appropriate) -- see |netrw-urls|. In the explanations
below, a {netfile} is an url to a remote file.
:[range]Nw[rite] Write the specified lines to the current
file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile.
:[range]Nw[rite] {netfile} [{netfile}]...
Write the specified lines to the {netfile}.
:Nr[ead] Read the specified lines into the current
buffer from the file specified in
b:netrw_lastfile.
:Nr[ead] {netfile} {netfile}...
Read the {netfile} after the current line.
:Ns[ource] {netfile}
Source the {netfile}.
To start up vim using a remote .vimrc, one may use
the following (all on one line) (tnx to Antoine Mechelynck) >
vim -u NORC -N
--cmd "runtime plugin/netrwPlugin.vim"
--cmd "source scp://HOSTNAME/.vimrc"
< *netrw-uidpass*
:call NetUserPass()
If g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd don't exist,
this function will query the user for them.
:call NetUserPass("userid")
This call will set the g:netrw_uid and, if
the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it.
:call NetUserPass("userid","passwd")
This call will set both the g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd.
The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers. One may
effectively remove the user-id and password by using empty
strings (ie. "").
:NetrwSettings This command is described in |netrw-settings| -- used to
display netrw settings and change netrw behavior.
==============================================================================
8. Variables and Options *netrw-options* *netrw-var* {{{1
(if you're interested in the netrw browser settings, see: |netrw-browser-var|)
The <netrw.vim> script provides several variables which act as options to
affect <netrw.vim>'s file transfer behavior. These variables typically may be
set in the user's <.vimrc> file: (see also |netrw-settings| |netrw-protocol|)
>
-------------
Netrw Options
-------------
Option Meaning
-------------- -----------------------------------------------
<
b:netrw_col Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite)
g:netrw_cygwin =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin
(default/windows)
=0 assume scp under windows accepts windows
style paths (default/else)
g:netrw_ftp =0 use default ftp (uid password)
g:netrw_ftpmode ="binary" (default)
="ascii" (your choice)
g:netrw_ignorenetrc =1 (default)
if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't
want it used, then set this variable. Its
mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc>
to be ignored.
b:netrw_lastfile Holds latest method/machine/path.
b:netrw_line Holds current line number (during NetWrite)
g:netrw_passwd Holds current password for ftp.
g:netrw_silent =0 transfers done normally
=1 transfers done silently
g:netrw_uid Holds current user-id for ftp.
=1 use alternate ftp (user uid password)
(see |netrw-options|)
g:netrw_use_nt_rcp =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default)
=1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode
g:netrw_win95ftp =0 use unix-style ftp even if win95/98/ME/etc
=1 use default method to do ftp >
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<
The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit
temporarily.
>
-------------------
Temporary Variables
-------------------
Variable Meaning
-------- ------------------------------------
<
g:netrw_method Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp
g:netrw_machine Holds machine name parsed from input
g:netrw_fname Holds filename being accessed >
------------------------------------------------------------
<
*netrw-protocol*
Netrw supports a number of protocols. These protocols are invoked using the
variables listed below, and may be modified by the user.
>
------------------------
Protocol Control Options
------------------------
Option Type Setting Meaning
--------- -------- -------------- ---------------------------
<
netrw_ftp variable =doesn't exist userid set by "user userid"
=0 userid set by "user userid"
=1 userid set by "userid"
NetReadFixup function =doesn't exist no change
=exists Allows user to have files
read via ftp automatically
transformed however they wish
by NetReadFixup()
g:netrw_dav_cmd variable ="cadaver" if cadaver is executable
g:netrw_dav_cmd variable ="curl -o" elseif curl is executable
g:netrw_fetch_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available
g:netrw_ftp_cmd variable ="ftp"
g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available
g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="wget -O" else if wget is available
g:netrw_list_cmd variable ="ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
g:netrw_rcp_cmd variable ="rcp"
g:netrw_rsync_cmd variable ="rsync -a"
g:netrw_scp_cmd variable ="scp -q"
g:netrw_sftp_cmd variable ="sftp" >
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
<
*netrw-ftp*
The g:netrw_..._cmd options (|g:netrw_ftp_cmd| and |g:netrw_sftp_cmd|)
specify the external program to use handle the ftp protocol. They may
include command line options (such as -p for passive mode).
Browsing is supported by using the |g:netrw_list_cmd|; the substring
"HOSTNAME" will be changed via substitution with whatever the current request
is for a hostname.
Two options (|g:netrw_ftp| and |netrw-fixup|) both help with certain ftp's
that give trouble . In order to best understand how to use these options if
ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion is provided on how netrw does
ftp reads.
For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a
temporary file:
>
IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1 IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1
---------------------------------- ------------------------------
<
open machine [port] open machine [port]
user userid password userid password
[g:netrw_ftpmode] password
[g:netrw_extracmd] [g:netrw_ftpmode]
get filename tempfile [g:netrw_extracmd]
get filename tempfile >
---------------------------------------------------------------------
<
The |g:netrw_ftpmode| and |g:netrw_extracmd| are optional.
Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter:
>
:%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n]
<
where
g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp",
-i tells ftp not to be interactive
-n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>)
If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for
userid and password. The transferred file is put into a temporary file.
The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that
requested it and the temporary file deleted.
If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a
userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>.
*netrw-cadaver*
To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull
down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem. This operation
renders the server treatment as "trusted".
*netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup*
If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH
messages) you may write a NetReadFixup(tmpfile) function:
>
function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2)
" a:line1: first new line in current file
" a:line2: last new line in current file
if a:method == 1 "rcp
elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc>
elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename
elseif a:method == 4 "scp
elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget
elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver
elseif a:method == 7 "rsync
elseif a:method == 8 "fetch
elseif a:method == 9 "sftp
else " complain
endif
endfunction
>
The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to
customize your reading process. As a further example, <netrw.vim> contains
just such a function to handle Windows 95 ftp. For whatever reason, Windows
95's ftp dumps four blank lines at the end of a transfer, and so it is
desirable to automate their removal. Here's some code taken from <netrw.vim>
itself:
>
if has("win95") && g:netrw_win95ftp
fun! NetReadFixup(method, line1, line2)
if method == 3 " ftp (no <.netrc>)
let fourblanklines= line2 - 3
silent fourblanklines.",".line2."g/^\s*/d"
endif
endfunction
endif
>
==============================================================================
9. Browsing *netrw-browsing* *netrw-browse* *netrw-help* {{{1
*netrw-browser* *netrw-dir* *netrw-list*
INTRODUCTION TO BROWSING *netrw-intro-browse* {{{2
(Quick References: |netrw-quickmaps| |netrw-quickcoms|)
Netrw supports the browsing of directories on your local system and on remote
hosts; browsing includes listing files and directories, entering directories,
editing files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories,
moving (renaming) files and directories, copying files and directories, etc.
One may mark files and execute any system command on them! The Netrw browser
generally implements the previous explorer's maps and commands for remote
directories, although details (such as pertinent global variable names)
necessarily differ. To browse a directory, simply "edit" it! >
vim /your/directory/
vim .
vim c:\your\directory\
<
(Related topics: |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t|
|netrw-mf| |netrw-mx| |netrw-D| |netrw-R| |netrw-v| )
The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and
ftp. The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw also to use ftp
in its remote browsing. Specifying any other protocol will cause it to be
used for file transfers; but the ssh protocol will be used to do remote
browsing.
To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with
a trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory:
>
vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/
<
where [protocol] is typically scp or ftp. As an example, try: >
vim ftp://ftp.home.vim.org/pub/vim/
<
For local directories, the trailing slash is not required. Again, because its
easy to miss: to browse remote directories, the url must terminate with a
slash!
If you'd like to avoid entering the password repeatedly for remote directory
listings with ssh or scp, see |netrw-ssh-hack|. To avoid password entry with
ftp, see |netrw-netrc| (if your ftp supports it).
There are several things you can do to affect the browser's display of files:
* To change the listing style, press the "i" key (|netrw-i|).
Currently there are four styles: thin, long, wide, and tree.
* To hide files (don't want to see those xyz~ files anymore?) see
|netrw-ctrl-h|.
* Press s to sort files by name, time, or size.
See |netrw-browse-cmds| for all the things you can do with netrw!
QUICK HELP *netrw-quickhelp* {{{2
(Use ctrl-] to select a topic)~
Intro to Browsing...............................|netrw-intro-browse|
Quick Reference: Maps.........................|netrw-quickmap|
Quick Reference: Commands.....................|netrw-browse-cmds|
Hiding
Edit hiding list..............................|netrw-ctrl-h|
Hiding Files or Directories...................|netrw-a|
Hiding/Unhiding by suffix.....................|netrw-mh|
Hiding dot-files.............................|netrw-gh|
Listing Style
Select listing style (thin/long/wide/tree)....|netrw-i|
Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_liststyle|
Shell command used to perform listing.........|g:netrw_list_cmd|
Quick file info...............................|netrw-qf|
Sorted by
Select sorting style (name/time/size).........|netrw-s|
Editing the sorting sequence..................|netrw-S|
Sorting options...............................|g:netrw_sort_options|
Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_sort_sequence|
Reverse sorting order.........................|netrw-r|
*netrw-quickmap* *netrw-quickmaps*
QUICK REFERENCE: MAPS *netrw-browse-maps* {{{2
>
--- ----------------- ----
Map Quick Explanation Link
--- ----------------- ----
< <F1> Causes Netrw to issue help
<cr> Netrw will enter the directory or read the file |netrw-cr|
<del> Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory |netrw-del|
- Makes Netrw go up one directory |netrw--|
a Toggles between normal display, |netrw-a|
hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide)
showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide)
c Make browsing directory the current directory |netrw-c|
d Make a directory |netrw-d|
D Attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-D|
gb Go to previous bookmarked directory |netrw-gb|
gh Quick hide/unhide of dot-files |netrw-gh|
gi Display information on file |netrw-qf|
<c-h> Edit file hiding list |netrw-ctrl-h|
i Cycle between thin, long, wide, and tree listings |netrw-i|
<c-l> Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing |netrw-ctrl-l|
mb Bookmark current directory |netrw-mb|
mc Copy marked files to marked-file target directory |netrw-mc|
md Apply diff to marked files (up to 3) |netrw-md|
me Place marked files on arg list and edit them |netrw-me|
mf Mark a file |netrw-mf|
mh Toggle marked file suffices' presence on hiding list |netrw-mh|
mm Move marked files to marked-file target directory |netrw-mm|
mp Print marked files |netrw-mp|
mr Mark files satisfying a |regexp| |netrw-mr|
mt Current browsing directory becomes markfile target |netrw-mt|
mT Apply ctags to marked files |netrw-mT|
mu Unmark all marked files |netrw-mu|
mx Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files |netrw-mx|
mz Compress/decompress marked files |netrw-mz|
o Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new |netrw-o|
browser window. A horizontal split is used.
O Obtain a file specified by cursor |netrw-O|
p Preview the file |netrw-p|
P Browse in the previously used window |netrw-P|
q List bookmarked directories and history |netrw-qb|
r Reverse sorting order |netrw-r|
R Rename the designed file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-R|
s Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size |netrw-s|
S Specify suffix priority for name-sorting |netrw-S|
t Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new tab|netrw-t|
u Change to recently-visited directory |netrw-u|
U Change to subsequently-visited directory |netrw-U|
v Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new |netrw-v|
browser window. A vertical split is used.
x View file with an associated program |netrw-x|
% Open a new file in netrw's current directory |netrw-%|
<leftmouse> (gvim only) selects word under mouse as if a <cr>
had been pressed (ie. edit file, change directory)
<middlemouse> (gvim only) same as P selecting word under mouse;
see |netrw-P|
<rightmouse> (gvim only) delete file/directory using word under
mouse
<2-leftmouse> (gvim only) when:
* in a netrw-selected file, AND
* |g:netrw_retmap| == 1 AND
* the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping
defined before netrw is autoloaded,
then a double clicked leftmouse button will return
to the netrw browser window. See |g:netrw_retmap|.
<s-leftmouse> (gvim only) like mf, will mark files
*netrw-quickcom* *netrw-quickcoms*
QUICK REFERENCE: COMMANDS *netrw-explore-cmds* *netrw-browse-cmds* {{{2
:NetrwClean[!] ...........................................|netrw-clean|
:NetrwSettings ...........................................|netrw-settings|
:Explore[!] [dir] Explore directory of current file......|netrw-explore|
:Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore.............|netrw-explore|
:Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
:Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
:Rexplore Return to Explorer.....................|netrw-explore|
:Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory .............|netrw-explore|
:Texplore[!] [dir] Tab & Explore..........................|netrw-explore|
:Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY *netrw-mb* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks* {{{2
One may easily "bookmark" a directory by using >
mb
<
Bookmarks are retained in between sesions in a $HOME/.netrwbook file, and are
kept in sorted order.
Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
BROWSING *netrw-cr* {{{2
Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest.
Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory.
Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the
protocol given in the original read request.
CAVEAT: There are four forms of listing (see |netrw-i|). Netrw assumes that
two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long and
wide listing formats. Thus, if your filename or directory name has two or
more sequential spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll
need to use the "thin" format to select it.
The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to
cause the opening of files to be done in a new window or tab instead of the
default. When the option is one or two, the splitting will be taken
horizontally or vertically, respectively. When the option is set to three, a
<cr> will cause the file to appear in a new tab.
When using the gui (gvim) one may select a file by pressing the <leftmouse>
button. In addtion, if
*|g:netrw_retmap| == 1 AND (its default value is 0)
* in a netrw-selected file, AND
* the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before
netrw is loaded
then a doubly-clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser
window.
Netrw attempts to speed up browsing, especially for remote browsing where one
may have to enter passwords, by keeping and re-using previously obtained
directory listing buffers. The |g:netrw_fastbrowse| variable is used to
control this behavior; one may have slow browsing (no buffer re-use), medium
speed browsing (re-use directory buffer listings only for remote directories),
and fast browsing (re-use directory buffer listings as often as possible).
The price for such re-use is that when changes are made (such as new files
are introduced into a directory), the listing may become out-of-date. One may
always refresh directory listing buffers by pressing ctrl-L (see
|netrw-ctrl-l|).
Related topics: |netrw-o| |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t| |netrw-v|
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_browse_split| |g:netrw_fastbrowse|
|g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
|g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|
|g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject| |g:netrw_use_noswf|
BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-o* *netrw-horiz* {{{2
Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "o" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A
horizontal split is used. (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|)
Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and
cursor at the top. To change to splitting the window horizontally with the
new window and cursor at the bottom, have
let g:netrw_alto = 1
in your <.vimrc>. (also see |netrw-t| |netrw-v|)
There is only one tree listing buffer; using "o" on a displayed subdirectory
will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice.
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_winsize|
BROWSING WITH A NEW TAB *netrw-t* {{{2
Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. The "t" map
allows one to open a new window hold the new directory listing or file in a
new tab. (also see: |netrw-o| |netrw-v|)
BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-v* {{{2
Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "v" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A
vertical split is used. (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|)
Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and
cursor at the left. To change to splitting the window vertically with the new
window and cursor at the right, have
let g:netrw_altv = 1
in your <.vimrc>. (also see: |netrw-o| |netrw-t|)
There is only one tree listing buffer; using "v" on a displayed subdirectory
will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice.
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_altv| |g:netrw_winsize|
CHANGE LISTING STYLE *netrw-i* {{{2
The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, wide, and tree listing formats.
The short listing format gives just the files' and directories' names.
The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote
directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and
date of last modification for local directories. With the long listing
format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces.
Use the thin listing format for such files.
The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to delineate
filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize or use
filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name or any
trailing spaces. The thin listing format will, however, work with such files.
This listing format is the most compact.
The tree listing format has a top directory followed by files and directories
preceded by a "|". One may open and close directories by pressing the <cr>
key while atop the directory name. There is only one tree listing buffer;
hence, using "v" or "o" on a subdirectory will only show the same buffer,
twice.
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_liststyle| |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|
|g:netrw_timefmt| |g:netrw_list_cmd|
CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY *netrw-gb* {{{2
To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use
{cnt}gb
Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks.
Related Topics:
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-mb| how to return to a bookmark
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-u* *netrw-updir* {{{2
Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session),
netrw will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history
list (unless g:netrw_dirhistmax is zero; by default, it's ten). With the
"u" map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor). To do
the opposite, see |netrw-U|.
CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-U* *netrw-downdir* {{{2
With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|) Use the
q map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-qb|)
NETRW CLEAN *netrw-clean* *:NetrwClean*
With :NetrwClean one may easily remove netrw from one's home directory;
more precisely, from the first directory on your |'runtimepath'|.
With :NetrwClean!, netrw will remove netrw from all directories on your
|'runtimepath'|.
With either form of the command, netrw will first ask for confirmation
that the removal is in fact what you want to do. If netrw doesn't have
permission to remove a file, it will issue an error message.
*netrw-gx*
CUSTOMIZING BROWSING WITH A USER FUNCTION *netrw-x* *netrw-handler* {{{2
(also see |netrw_filehandler|)
Certain files, such as html, gif, jpeg, (word/office) doc, etc, files, are
best seen with a special handler (ie. a tool provided with your computer).
Netrw allows one to invoke such special handlers by: >
* when Exploring, hit the "x" key
* when editing, hit gx with the cursor atop the special filename
< (not available if the |g:netrw_nogx| variable exists)
Netrw determines which special handler by the following method:
* if |g:netrw_browsex_viewer| exists, then it will be used to attempt to
view files. Examples of useful settings (place into your <.vimrc>): >
:let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "kfmclient exec"
< or >
:let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "gnome-open"
<
If g:netrw_browsex_viewer == '-', then netrwFileHandler() will be
invoked first (see |netrw_filehandler|).
* for Windows 32 or 64, the url and FileProtocolHandler dlls are used.
* for Gnome (with gnome-open): gnome-open is used.
* for KDE (with kfmclient) : kfmclient is used.
* for Mac OS X : open is used.
* otherwise the netrwFileHandler plugin is used.
The file's suffix is used by these various approaches to determine an
appropriate application to use to "handle" these files. Such things as
OpenOffice (*.sfx), visualization (*.jpg, *.gif, etc), and PostScript (*.ps,
*.eps) can be handled.
*netrw_filehandler*
The "x" map applies a function to a file, based on its extension. Of course,
the handler function must exist for it to be called!
>
Ex. mypgm.html x ->
NFH_html("scp://user@host/some/path/mypgm.html")
<
Users may write their own netrw File Handler functions to support more
suffixes with special handling. See <plugin/netrwFileHandlers.vim> for
examples on how to make file handler functions. As an example: >
" NFH_suffix(filename)
fun! NFH_suffix(filename)
..do something special with filename..
endfun
<
These functions need to be defined in some file in your .vim/plugin
(vimfiles\plugin) directory. Vim's function names may not have punctuation
characters (except for the underscore) in them. To support suffices that
contain such characters, netrw will first convert the suffix using the
following table: >
@ -> AT ! -> EXCLAMATION % -> PERCENT
: -> COLON = -> EQUAL ? -> QUESTION
, -> COMMA - -> MINUS ; -> SEMICOLON
$ -> DOLLAR + -> PLUS ~ -> TILDE
<
So, for example: >
file.rcs,v -> NFH_rcsCOMMAv()
<
If more such translations are necessary, please send me email: >
NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM
with a request.
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_browsex_viewer|
*netrw-curdir*
DELETING BOOKMARKS *netrw-mB* {{{2
To delete a bookmark, use >
{cnt}mB
<
Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
DELETING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-delete* *netrw-D* *netrw-del* {{{2
If files have not been marked with |netrw-mf|: (local marked file list)
Deleting/removing files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
file/directory to be deleted and pressing "D". Directories must be empty
first before they can be successfully removed. If the directory is a
softlink to a directory, then netrw will make two requests to remove the
directory before succeeding. Netrw will ask for confirmation before doing
the removal(s). You may select a range of lines with the "V" command
(visual selection), and then pressing "D".
If files have been marked with |netrw-mf|: (local marked file list)
Marked files (and empty directories) will be deleted; again, you'll be
asked to confirm the deletion before it actually takes place.
The |g:netrw_rm_cmd|, |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|, and |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| variables are
used to control the attempts to remove files and directories. The
g:netrw_rm_cmd is used with files, and its default value is:
g:netrw_rm_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm
The g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variable is used to support the removal of directories.
Its default value is:
g:netrw_rmdir_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rmdir
If removing a directory fails with g:netrw_rmdir_cmd, netrw then will attempt
to remove it again using the g:netrw_rmf_cmd variable. Its default value is:
g:netrw_rmf_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm -f
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_local_rmdir| |g:netrw_rm_cmd|
|g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|
*netrw-explore* *netrw-hexplore* *netrw-nexplore* *netrw-pexplore*
*netrw-rexplore* *netrw-sexplore* *netrw-texplore* *netrw-vexplore*
DIRECTORY EXPLORATION COMMANDS {{{2
:[N]Explore[!] [dir]... Explore directory of current file *:Explore*
:[N]Hexplore[!] [dir]... Horizontal Split & Explore *:Hexplore*
:Rexplore ... Return to Explorer *:Rexplore*
:[N]Sexplore[!] [dir]... Split&Explore current file's directory*:Sexplore*
:Texplore [dir]... Tab & Explore *:Texplore*
:[N]Vexplore[!] [dir]... Vertical Split & Explore *:Vexplore*
Used with :Explore **/pattern : (also see |netrw-starstar|)
:Nexplore............. go to next matching file *:Nexplore*
:Pexplore............. go to previous matching file *:Pexplore*
:Explore will open the local-directory browser on the current file's
directory (or on directory [dir] if specified). The window will be
split only if the file has been modified, otherwise the browsing
window will take over that window. Normally the splitting is taken
horizontally.
:Explore! is like :Explore, but will use vertical splitting.
:Sexplore will always split the window before invoking the local-directory
browser. As with Explore, the splitting is normally done
horizontally.
:Sexplore! [dir] is like :Sexplore, but the splitting will be done vertically.
:Hexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:belowright| horizontal splitting.
:Hexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:aboveleft| horizontal splitting.
:Vexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:leftabove| vertical splitting.
:Vexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:rightbelow| vertical splitting.
:Texplore [dir] does a tabnew before generating the browser window
By default, these commands use the current file's directory. However, one may
explicitly provide a directory (path) to use.
The [N] will override |g:netrw_winsize| to specify the quantity of rows and/or
columns the new explorer window should have.
Otherwise, the |g:netrw_winsize| variable, if it has been specified by the
user, is used to control the quantity of rows and/or columns new explorer
windows should have.
:Rexplore This command is a little different from the others. When one
edits a file, for example by pressing <cr> when atop a file in
a netrw browser window, :Rexplore will return the display to
that of the last netrw browser window. Its a command version
of <2-leftmouse> (which is only available under gvim and
cooperative terms).
*netrw-star* *netrw-starpat* *netrw-starstar* *netrw-starstarpat*
EXPLORING WITH STARS AND PATTERNS
When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with one of the
following four styles, Explore generates a list of files which satisfy
the request. >
*/filepat files in current directory which satisfy filepat
**/filepat files in current directory or below which satisfy the
file pattern
*//pattern files in the current directory which contain the
pattern (vimgrep is used)
**//pattern files in the current directory or below which contain
the pattern (vimgrep is used)
<
The cursor will be placed on the first file in the list. One may then
continue to go to subsequent files on that list via |:Nexplore| or to
preceding files on that list with |:Pexplore|. Explore will update the
directory and place the cursor appropriately.
A plain >
:Explore
will clear the explore list.
If your console or gui produces recognizable shift-up or shift-down sequences,
then you'll likely find using shift-downarrow and shift-uparrow convenient.
They're mapped by netrw:
<s-down> == Nexplore, and
<s-up> == Pexplore.
As an example, consider
>
:Explore */*.c
:Nexplore
:Nexplore
:Pexplore
<
The status line will show, on the right hand side of the status line, a
message like "Match 3 of 20".
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_keepdir| |g:netrw_browse_split|
|g:netrw_fastbrowse| |g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject|
|g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
|g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd|
|g:netrw_liststyle|
DISPLAYING INFORMATION ABOUT FILE *netrw-qf* {{{2
With the cursor atop a filename, pressing "qf" will reveal the file's size
and last modification timestamp. Currently this capability is only available
for local files.
EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST *netrw-ctrl-h* *netrw-edithide* {{{2
The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the
file/directory hiding list contained in |g:netrw_list_hide|. The hiding list
consists of one or more patterns delimited by commas. Files and/or
directories satisfying these patterns will either be hidden (ie. not shown) or
be the only ones displayed (see |netrw-a|).
The "gh" mapping (see |netrw-gh|) quickly alternates between the usual
hiding list and the hiding of files or directories that begin with ".".
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_hide| |g:netrw_list_hide|
Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-gh| |netrw-mh|
EDITING THE SORTING SEQUENCE *netrw-S* *netrw-sortsequence* {{{2
When "Sorted by" is name, one may specify priority via the sorting sequence
(g:netrw_sort_sequence). The sorting sequence typically prioritizes the
name-listing by suffix, although any pattern will do. Patterns are delimited
by commas. The default sorting sequence is (all one line):
>
'[\/]$,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,\.info$,
\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$'
<
The lone * is where all filenames not covered by one of the other patterns
will end up. One may change the sorting sequence by modifying the
g:netrw_sort_sequence variable (either manually or in your <.vimrc>) or by
using the "S" map.
Related topics: |netrw-s| |netrw-S|
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_sequence| |g:netrw_sort_options|
GOING UP *netrw--* {{{2
To go up a directory, press "-" or press the <cr> when atop the ../ directory
entry in the listing.
Netrw will use the command in |g:netrw_list_cmd| to perform the directory
listing operation after changing HOSTNAME to the host specified by the
user-provided url. By default netrw provides the command as:
ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa
where the HOSTNAME becomes the [user@]hostname as requested by the attempt to
read. Naturally, the user may override this command with whatever is
preferred. The NetList function which implements remote browsing
expects that directories will be flagged by a trailing slash.
HIDING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-a* *netrw-hiding* {{{2
Netrw's browsing facility allows one to use the hiding list in one of three
ways: ignore it, hide files which match, and show only those files which
match.
If no files have been marked via |netrw-mf|:
The "a" map allows the user to cycle through the three hiding modes.
The |g:netrw_list_hide| variable holds a comma delimited list of patterns
based on regular expressions (ex. ^.*\.obj$,^\.) which specify the hiding list.
(also see |netrw-ctrl-h|) To set the hiding list, use the <c-h> map. As an
example, to hide files which begin with a ".", one may use the <c-h> map to
set the hiding list to '^\..*' (or one may put let g:netrw_list_hide= '^\..*'
in one's <.vimrc>). One may then use the "a" key to show all files, hide
matching files, or to show only the matching files.
Example: \.[ch]$
This hiding list command will hide/show all *.c and *.h files.
Example: \.c$,\.h$
This hiding list command will also hide/show all *.c and *.h
files.
Don't forget to use the "a" map to select the mode (normal/hiding/show) you
want!
If files have been marked using |netrw-mf|, then this command will:
if showing all files or non-hidden files:
modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by appending the marked files to it
and showing only non-hidden files.
else if showing hidden files only:
modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by removing the marked files from it
and showing only non-hidden files.
endif
*netrw-gh* *netrw-hide*
As a quick shortcut, one may press >
gh
to toggle between hiding files which begin with a period (dot) and not hiding
them.
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_list_hide|
Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-ctrl-h| |netrw-mh|
IMPROVING BROWSING *netrw-listhack* *netrw-ssh-hack* {{{2
Especially with the remote directory browser, constantly entering the password
is tedious.
For Linux/Unix systems, the book "Linux Server Hacks - 100 industrial strength
tips & tools" by Rob Flickenger (O'Reilly, ISBN 0-596-00461-3) gives a tip
for setting up no-password ssh and scp and discusses associated security
issues. It used to be available at http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/66 ,
but apparently that address is now being redirected to some "hackzine".
I'll attempt a summary based on that article and on a communication from
Ben Schmidt:
1. Generate a public/private key pair on the local machine
(ssh client): >
ssh-keygen -t rsa
(saving the file in ~/.ssh/id_rsa as prompted)
<
2. Just hit the <CR> when asked for passphrase (twice) for no
passphrase. If you do use a passphrase, you will also need to use
ssh-agent so you only have to type the passphrase once per session.
If you don't use a passphrase, simply logging onto your local
computer or getting access to the keyfile in any way will suffice
to access any ssh servers which have that key authorized for login.
3. This creates two files: >
~/.ssh/id_rsa
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
4. On the target machine (ssh server): >
cd
mkdir -p .ssh
chmod 0700 .ssh
<
5. On your local machine (ssh client): (one line) >
ssh {serverhostname}
cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
or, for OpenSSH, (one line) >
ssh {serverhostname}
cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
You can test it out with >
ssh {serverhostname}
and you should be log onto the server machine without further need to type
anything.
If you decided to use a passphrase, do: >
ssh-agent $SHELL
ssh-add
ssh {serverhostname}
You will be prompted for your key passphrase when you use ssh-add, but not
subsequently when you use ssh. For use with vim, you can use >
ssh-agent vim
and, when next within vim, use >
:!ssh-add
Alternatively, you can apply ssh-agent to the terminal you're planning on
running vim in: >
ssh-agent xterm &
and do ssh-add whenever you need.
For Windows, folks on the vim mailing list have mentioned that Pageant helps
with avoiding the constant need to enter the password.
Kingston Fung wrote about another way to avoid constantly needing to enter
passwords:
In order to avoid the need to type in the password for scp each time, you
provide a hack in the docs to set up a non password ssh account. I found a
better way to do that: I can use a regular ssh account which uses a
password to access the material without the need to key-in the password
each time. It's good for security and convenience. I tried ssh public key
authorization + ssh-agent, implementing this, and it works! Here are two
links with instructions:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-keyc2/
http://sial.org/howto/openssh/publickey-auth/
LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY *netrw-qb* *netrw-listbookmark* {{{2
Pressing "qb" (query bookmarks) will list both the bookmarked directories and
directory traversal history.
Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-u| change to a predecessor directory via the history stack
|netrw-U| change to a successor directory via the history stack
MAKING A NEW DIRECTORY *netrw-d* {{{2
With the "d" map one may make a new directory either remotely (which depends
on the global variable g:netrw_mkdir_cmd) or locally (which depends on the
global variable g:netrw_local_mkdir). Netrw will issue a request for the new
directory's name. A bare <CR> at that point will abort the making of the
directory. Attempts to make a local directory that already exists (as either
a file or a directory) will be detected, reported on, and ignored.
Currently, making a directory via ftp is not supported.
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_local_mkdir| |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
MAKING THE BROWSING DIRECTORY THE CURRENT DIRECTORY *netrw-c* {{{2
By default, |g:netrw_keepdir| is 1. This setting means that the current
directory will not track the browsing directory.
Setting g:netrw_keepdir to 0 tells netrw to make vim's current directory to
track netrw's browsing directory.
However, given the default setting for g:netrw_keepdir of 1 where netrw
maintains its own separate notion of the current directory, in order to make
the two directories the same, use the "c" map (just type c). That map will
set Vim's notion of the current directory to netrw's current browsing
directory.
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_keepdir|
MARKING FILES *netrw-mf* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mr|)
One may mark files with the cursor atop a filename and then pressing "mf".
With gvim, one may also mark files with <s-leftmouse>. The following netrw
maps make use of marked files:
|netrw-a| Hide marked files/directories
|netrw-D| Delete marked files/directories
|netrw-mc| Copy marked files to target
|netrw-md| Apply vimdiff to marked files
|netrw-me| Edit marked files
|netrw-mg| Apply vimgrep to marked files
|netrw-mm| Move marked files
|netrw-mp| Print marked files
|netrw-mt| Set target for |netrw-mm| and |netrw-mc|
|netrw-mT| Generate tags using marked files
|netrw-mx| Apply shell command to marked files
|netrw-mz| Compress/Decompress marked files
|netrw-O| Obtain marked files
|netrw-R| Rename marked files
One may unmark files one at a time the same way one marks them; ie. place
the cursor atop a marked file and press "mf". This process also works
with <s-leftmouse> using gvim. One may unmark all files by pressing
"mu" (see |netrw-mu|).
*markfilelist* *global_markfilelist* *local_markfilelist*
All marked files are entered onto the global marked file list; there is only
one such list. In addition, every netrw buffer also has its own local marked
file list; since netrw buffers are associated with specific directories, this
means that each directory has its own local marked file list. The various
commands which operate on marked files use one or the other of the marked file
lists.
MARKING FILES BY REGULAR EXPRESSION *netrw-mr* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mf|)
One may also mark files by pressing "mr"; netrw will then issue a prompt,
"Enter regexp: ". You may then enter a regular expression such as \.c$ .
All files in the current directory will then be marked. Note that the
regular expressions are vim-style |regexp| ones, not shell ones. So
entering *.c probably isn't what you want!
MARKED FILES: ARBITRARY COMMAND *netrw-mx* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the local marked-file list)
Upon activation of the "mx" map, netrw will query the user for some (external)
command to be applied to all marked files. All "%"s in the command will be
substituted with the name of each marked file in turn. If no "%"s are in the
command, then the command will be followed by a space and a marked filename.
MARKED FILES: COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION *netrw-mz* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the local marked file list)
If any marked files are compressed, then "mz" will decompress them.
If any marked files are decompressed, then "mz" will compress them
using the command specified by |g:netrw_compress|; by default,
that's "gzip".
For decompression, netrw provides a |Dictionary| of suffices and their
associated decompressing utilities; see |g:netrw_decompress|.
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_compress| |g:netrw_decompress|
MARKED FILES: COPYING *netrw-mc* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(Uses the global marked file list)
Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|). Then change directory,
select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mc".
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localcopycmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|
MARKED FILES: DIFF *netrw-md* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the global marked file list)
Use |vimdiff| to visualize difference between selected files (two or
three may be selected for this). Uses the global marked file list.
MARKED FILES: EDITING *netrw-me* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the global marked file list)
This command will place the marked files on the |arglist| and commence
editing them. One may return the to explorer window with |:Rexplore|.
MARKED FILES: GREP *netrw-mg* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the global marked file list)
This command will apply |:vimgrep| to the marked files. The command will ask
for the requested pattern; one may enter: >
/pattern/[g][j]
! /pattern/[g][j]
pattern
<
MARKED FILES: HIDING AND UNHIDING BY SUFFIX *netrw-mh* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the local marked file list)
This command extracts the suffices of the marked files and toggles their
presence on the hiding list. Please note that marking the same suffix
this way multiple times will result in the suffix's presence being toggled
for each file (so an even quantity of marked files having the same suffix
is the same as not having bothered to select them at all).
Related topics: |netrw-a| |g:netrw_list_hide|
MARKED FILES: MOVING *netrw-mm* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the global marked file list)
WARNING: moving files is more dangerous than copying them.
A file being moved is first copied and then deleted; if the
copy operation fails and the delete succeeds, you will lose
the file. Either try things out with unimportant files
first or do the copy and then delete yourself using mc and D.
Use at your own risk!
Select a target directory with mT (|netrw-mt|). Then change directory,
select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mm".
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localmovecmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|
MARKED FILES: PRINTING *netrw-mp* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the local marked file list)
Netrw will apply the |:hardcopy| command to marked files. What it does
is open each file in a one-line window, execute hardcopy, then close the
one-line window.
MARKED FILES: SOURCING *netrw-ms* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the local marked file list)
Netrw will source the marked files (using vim's |:source| command)
MARKED FILES: TAGGING *netrw-mT* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
(uses the global marked file list)
The "mt" mapping will apply the command in |g:netrw_ctags| (by default, its
"ctags") to marked files. For remote browsing, in order to create a tags file
netrw will use ssh (see |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|), and so ssh must be available for
this to work on remote systems. For your local system, see |ctags| on how to
get a version. I myself use hdrtags, currently available at
http://mysite.verizon.net/astronaut/src/index.html , and have >
let g:netrw_ctags= "hdrtag"
<
in my <.vimrc>.
When a remote set of files are tagged, the resulting tags file is "obtained";
ie. a copy is transferred to the local system's directory. The local tags
file is then modified so that one may use it through the network. The
modification is concerns the names of the files in the tags; each filename is
preceded by the netrw-compatible url used to obtain it. When one subsequently
uses one of the go to tag actions (|tags|), the url will be used by netrw to
edit the desired file and go to the tag.
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_ctags| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|
MARKED FILES: SETTING THE TARGET DIRECTORY *netrw-mt* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
Set the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|):
* if the cursor is atop a file name, then the netrw window's currently
displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.
* also, if the cursor is in the banner, then the netrw window's currently
displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.
* however, if the cursor is atop a directory name, then that directory is
used for the copy/move-to target
There is only one copy/move-to target per vim session; ie. the target is a
script variable (see |s:var|) and is shared between all netrw windows (in an
instance of vim).
MARKED FILES: UNMARKING *netrw-mu* {{{2
(See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
The "mu" mapping will unmark all currently marked files.
NETRW BROWSER VARIABLES *netrw-browser-options* *netrw-browser-var* {{{2
(if you're interestd in the netrw file transfer settings, see |netrw-options|)
The <netrw.vim> browser provides settings in the form of variables which
you may modify; by placing these settings in your <.vimrc>, you may customize
your browsing preferences. (see also: |netrw-settings|)
>
--- -----------
Var Explanation
--- -----------
< *g:netrw_alto* change from above splitting to below splitting
by setting this variable (see |netrw-o|)
default: =&sb (see |'sb'|)
*g:netrw_altv* change from left splitting to right splitting
by setting this variable (see |netrw-v|)
default: =&spr (see |'spr'|)
*g:netrw_browse_split* when browsing, <cr> will open the file by:
=0: re-using the same window
=1: horizontally splitting the window first
=2: vertically splitting the window first
=3: open file in new tab
=4: act like "P" (ie. open previous window)
*g:netrw_browsex_viewer* specify user's preference for a viewer: >
"kfmclient exec"
"gnome-open"
< If >
"-"
< is used, then netrwFileHandler() will look for
a script/function to handle the given
extension. (see |netrw_filehandler|).
*g:netrw_compress* ="gzip"
Will compress marked files with this
command
*g:netrw_ctags* ="ctags"
The default external program used to create tags
*g:netrw_cursorline* = 1 (default)
will use the |'cursorline'| local setting when
|g:netrw_liststyle| ==0 (thin listing) or
|g:netrw_liststyle| ==1 (long listing) or
|g:netrw_liststyle| ==3 (tree listing)
=0: off
=2: like ==1, but the wide listing gets both
cursorline and |'cursorcolumn'|locally set
(ie. doesn't affect the wide listing)
*g:netrw_decompress* = { ".gz" : "gunzip" ,
".bz2" : "bunzip2" ,
".zip" : "unzip" ,
".tar" : "tar -xf"}
A dictionary mapping suffices to
decompression programs.
*g:netrw_fastbrowse* =0: slow speed directory browsing;
never re-uses directory listings,
always obtains directory listings.
=1: medium speed directory browsing;
re-use directory listings only
when remote directory browsing.
(default value)
=2: fast directory browsing;
only obtains directory listings when the
directory hasn't been seen before
(or |netrw-ctrl-l| is used).
Fast browsing retains old directory listing
buffers so that they don't need to be
re-acquired. This feature is especially
important for remote browsing. However, if
a file is introduced or deleted into or from
such directories, the old directory buffer
becomes out-of-date. One may always refresh
such a directory listing with |netrw-ctrl-l|.
This option gives the user the choice of
trading off accuracy (ie. up-to-date listing)
versus speed.
*g:netrw_fname_escape* =' ?&;%'
Used on filenames before remote reading/writing
*g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject* ftp can produce a number of errors and warnings
that can show up as "directories" and "files"
in the listing. This pattern is used to
remove such embedded messages. By default its
value is:
'^total\s\+\d\+$\|
^Trying\s\+\d\+.*$\|
^KERBEROS_V\d rejected\|
^Security extensions not\|
No such file\|
: connect to address [0-9a-fA-F:]*
: No route to host$'
*g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory
listing. Defaults:
unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -lF"
otherwise "dir"
*g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory
listing, sorted by size of file.
Defaults:
unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -slF"
otherwise "dir"
*g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory
listing, sorted by time of last modification.
Defaults:
unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -tlF"
otherwise "dir"
*g:netrw_glob_escape* ='[]*?`{~$'
These characters in directory names are
escaped before applying glob()
*g:netrw_hide* if true, the hiding list is used
default: =0
*g:netrw_home* The home directory for where bookmarks and
history are saved (as .netrwbook and
.netrwhist).
default: the first directory on the
|'runtimepath'|
*g:netrw_keepdir* =1 (default) keep current directory immune from
the browsing directory.
=0 keep the current directory the same as the
browsing directory.
The current browsing directory is contained in
b:netrw_curdir (also see |netrw-c|)
*g:netrw_list_cmd* command for listing remote directories
default: (if ssh is executable)
"ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa"
*g:netrw_liststyle* Set the default listing style:
= 0: thin listing (one file per line)
= 1: long listing (one file per line with time
stamp information and file size)
= 2: wide listing (multiple files in columns)
= 3: tree style listing
*g:netrw_list_hide* comma separated pattern list for hiding files
Patterns are regular expressions (see |regexp|)
Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= '.*\.swp$'
default: ""
*g:netrw_localcopycmd* ="cp" Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
="copy" Windows
Copies marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mc|)
*g:netrw_localmovecmd* ="mv" Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
="move" Windows
Moves marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mm|)
*g:netrw_local_mkdir* command for making a local directory
default: "mkdir"
*g:netrw_local_rmdir* remove directory command (rmdir)
default: "rmdir"
*g:netrw_maxfilenamelen* =32 by default, selected so as to make long
listings fit on 80 column displays.
If your screen is wider, and you have file
or directory names longer than 32 bytes,
you may set this option to keep listings
columnar.
*g:netrw_mkdir_cmd* command for making a remote directory
default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME mkdir"
*g:netrw_retmap* if it exists and is set to one, then:
* if in a netrw-selected file, AND
* no normal-mode <2-leftmouse> mapping exists,
then the <2-leftmouse> will be mapped for easy
return to the netrw browser window.
example: click once to select and open a file,
double-click to return.
Note that one may instead choose to:
* let g:netrw_retmap= 1, AND
* nmap <silent> YourChoice <Plug>NetrwReturn
and have another mapping instead of
<2-leftmouse> to invoke the return.
You may also use the |:Rexplore| command to do
the same thing.
default: =0
*g:netrw_rm_cmd* command for removing files
default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm"
*g:netrw_rmdir_cmd* command for removing directories
default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rmdir"
*g:netrw_rmf_cmd* command for removing softlinks
default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm -f"
*g:netrw_sort_by* sort by "name", "time", or "size"
default: "name"
*g:netrw_sort_direction* sorting direction: "normal" or "reverse"
default: "normal"
*g:netrw_sort_options* sorting is done using |:sort|; this
variable's value is appended to the
sort command. Thus one may ignore case,
for example, with the following in your
.vimrc: >
let g:netrw_sort_options="i"
< default: ""
*g:netrw_sort_sequence* when sorting by name, first sort by the
comma-separated pattern sequence
default: '[\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$,
\.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$'
*g:netrw_special_syntax* If true, then certain files will be shown
in special syntax in the browser:
netrwBak : *.bak
netrwCompress: *.gz *.bz2 *.Z *.zip
netrwData : *.dat
netrwHdr : *.h
netrwLib : *.a *.so *.lib *.dll
netrwMakefile: [mM]akefile *.mak
netrwObj : *.o *.obj
netrwTags : tags ANmenu ANtags
netrwTilde : *~
netrwTmp : tmp* *tmp
These syntax highlighting groups are linked
to Folded or DiffChange by default
(see |hl-Folded| and |hl-DiffChange|), but
one may put lines like >
hi link netrwCompress Visual
< into one's <.vimrc> to use one's own
preferences.
*g:netrw_ssh_cmd* One may specify an executable command
to use instead of ssh for remote actions
such as listing, file removal, etc.
default: ssh
*g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject* ssh can sometimes produce unwanted lines,
messages, banners, and whatnot that one doesn't
want masquerading as "directories" and "files".
Use this pattern to remove such embedded
messages. By default its value is:
'^total\s\+\d\+$'
*g:netrw_tmpfile_escape* =' &;'
escape() is applied to all temporary files
to escape these characters.
*g:netrw_timefmt* specify format string to vim's strftime().
The default, "%c", is "the preferred date
and time representation for the current
locale" according to my manpage entry for
strftime(); however, not all are satisfied
with it. Some alternatives:
"%a %d %b %Y %T",
" %a %Y-%m-%d %I-%M-%S %p"
default: "%c"
*g:netrw_use_noswf* netrw normally avoids writing swapfiles
for browser buffers. However, under some
systems this apparently is causing nasty
ml_get errors to appear; if you're getting
ml_get errors, try putting
let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0
in your .vimrc.
*g:netrw_winsize* specify initial size of new windows made with
"o" (see |netrw-o|), "v" (see |netrw-v|),
|:Hexplore| or |:Vexplore|.
default: ""
*g:netrw_xstrlen* Controls how netrw computes a string
including multi-byte characters' string
length. (thanks to N Weibull, T Mechelynck)
=0: uses Vim's built-in strlen()
=1: number of codepoints (Latin + a combining
circumflex is two codepoints) (DEFAULT)
=2: number of spacing codepoints (Latin a +
combining circumflex is one spacing
codepoint; a hard tab is one; wide and
narrow CJK are one each; etc.)
=3: virtual length (counting tabs as anything
between 1 and |'tabstop'|, wide CJJK as 2
rather than 1, Arabic alif as zero when
immediately preceded by lam, one
otherwise, etc)
*g:NetrwTopLvlMenu* This variable specifies the top level
menu name; by default, it's "Netrw.". If
you wish to change this, do so in your
.vimrc.
NETRW BROWSING AND OPTION INCOMPATIBILITIES *netrw-incompatible* {{{2
Netrw has been designed to handle user options by saving them, setting the
options to something that's compatible with netrw's needs, and then restoring
them. However, the autochdir option: >
:set acd
is problematical. Autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the
file you edit; this apparently also applies to directories. In other words,
autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the "file" (even if
that "file" is itself a directory).
NETRW SETTINGS *netrw-settings* {{{2
With the NetrwSettings.vim plugin, >
:NetrwSettings
will bring up a window with the many variables that netrw uses for its
settings. You may change any of their values; when you save the file, the
settings therein will be used. One may also press "?" on any of the lines for
help on what each of the variables do.
(also see: |netrw-browser-var| |netrw-protocol| |netrw-var| |netrw-variables|)
==============================================================================
OBTAINING A FILE *netrw-O* {{{2
If there are no marked files:
When browsing a remote directory, one may obtain a file under the cursor
(ie. get a copy on your local machine, but not edit it) by pressing the O
key.
If there are marked files:
The marked files will be obtained (ie. a copy will be transferred to your
local machine, but not set up for editing).
Only ftp and scp are supported for this operation (but since these two are
available for browsing, that shouldn't be a problem). The status bar will
then show, on its right hand side, a message like "Obtaining filename". The
statusline will be restored after the transfer is complete.
Netrw can also "obtain" a file using the local browser. Netrw's display
of a directory is not necessarily the same as Vim's "current directory",
unless |g:netrw_keepdir| is set to 0 in the user's <.vimrc>. One may select
a file using the local browser (by putting the cursor on it) and pressing
"O" will then "obtain" the file; ie. copy it to Vim's current directory.
Related topics:
* To see what the current directory is, use |:pwd|
* To make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see |netrw-c|
* To automatically make the currently browsed directory the current
directory, see |g:netrw_keepdir|.
OPEN A NEW FILE IN NETRW'S CURRENT DIRECTORY *netrw-%*
To open a file in netrw's current directory, press "%". This map will
query the user for a new filename; an empty file by that name will be
placed in the netrw's current directory (ie. b:netrw_curdir).
PREVIEW WINDOW *netrw-p* *netrw-preview* {{{2
One may use a preview window by using the "p" key when the cursor is atop the
desired filename to be previewed. The display will then split to show both
the browser (where the cursor will remain) and the file (see |:pedit|).
By default, the split will be taken horizontally; one may use vertical
splitting if one has set |g:netrw_preview| first.
PREVIOUS WINDOW *netrw-P* *netrw-prvwin* {{{2
To edit a file or directory in the previously used (last accessed) window (see
:he |CTRL-W_p|), press a "P". If there's only one window, then the one window
will be horizontally split (above/below splitting is controlled by
|g:netrw_alto|, and its initial size is controlled by |g:netrw_winsize|).
If there's more than one window, the previous window will be re-used on
the selected file/directory. If the previous window's associated buffer
has been modified, and there's only one window with that buffer, then
the user will be asked if s/he wishes to save the buffer first (yes,
no, or cancel).
REFRESHING THE LISTING *netrw-ctrl-l* *netrw-ctrl_l* {{{2
To refresh either a local or remote directory listing, press ctrl-l (<c-l>) or
hit the <cr> when atop the ./ directory entry in the listing. One may also
refresh a local directory by using ":e .".
RENAMING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-move* *netrw-rename* *netrw-R* {{{2
If there are no marked files: (see |netrw-mf|)
Renaming/moving files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
file/directory to be moved (renamed) and pressing "R". You will then be
queried for where you want the file/directory to be moved. You may select
a range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then
pressing "R".
If there are marked files: (see |netrw-mf|)
Marked files will be renamed (moved). You will be queried as above in
order to specify where you want the file/directory to be moved.
WARNING:~
Note that moving files is a dangerous operation; copies are safer. That's
because a "move" for remote files is actually a copy + delete -- and if
the copy fails and the delete does not, you may lose the file.
The g:netrw_rename_cmd variable is used to implement renaming. By default its
value is:
ssh HOSTNAME mv
One may rename a block of files and directories by selecting them with
the V (|linewise-visual|).
REVERSING SORTING ORDER *netrw-r* *netrw-reverse* {{{2
One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the
"r" key.
Related topics: |netrw-s|
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_sort_direction|
SELECTING SORTING STYLE *netrw-s* *netrw-sort* {{{2
One may select the sorting style by name, time, or (file) size. The "s" map
allows one to circulate amongst the three choices; the directory listing will
automatically be refreshed to reflect the selected style.
Related topics: |netrw-r| |netrw-S|
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_by| |g:netrw_sort_sequence|
10. Problems and Fixes *netrw-problems* {{{1
(This section is likely to grow as I get feedback)
(also see |netrw-debug|)
*netrw-p1*
P1. I use windows 95, and my ftp dumps four blank lines at the
end of every read.
See |netrw-fixup|, and put the following into your
<.vimrc> file:
let g:netrw_win95ftp= 1
*netrw-p2*
P2. I use Windows, and my network browsing with ftp doesn't sort by
time or size! -or- The remote system is a Windows server; why
don't I get sorts by time or size?
Windows' ftp has a minimal support for ls (ie. it doesn't
accept sorting options). It doesn't support the -F which
gives an explanatory character (ABC/ for "ABC is a directory").
Netrw then uses "dir" to get both its short and long listings.
If you think your ftp does support a full-up ls, put the
following into your <.vimrc>: >
let g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd = "ls -lF"
let g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd= "ls -tlF"
let g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd= "ls -slF"
<
Alternatively, if you have cygwin on your Windows box, put
into your <.vimrc>: >
let g:netrw_cygwin= 1
<
This problem also occurs when the remote system is Windows.
In this situation, the various g:netrw_ftp_[time|size]list_cmds
are as shown above, but the remote system will not correctly
modify its listing behavior.
*netrw-p3*
P3. I tried rcp://user@host/ (or protocol other than ftp) and netrw
used ssh! That wasn't what I asked for...
Netrw has two methods for browsing remote directories: ssh
and ftp. Unless you specify ftp specifically, ssh is used.
When it comes time to do download a file (not just a directory
listing), netrw will use the given protocol to do so.
*netrw-p4*
P4. I would like long listings to be the default.
Put the following statement into your |.vimrc|: >
let g:netrw_liststyle= 1
<
Check out |netrw-browser-var| for more customizations that
you can set.
*netrw-p5*
P5. My times come up oddly in local browsing
Does your system's strftime() accept the "%c" to yield dates
such as "Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997"? If not, do a "man strftime"
and find out what option should be used. Then put it into
your |.vimrc|: >
let g:netrw_timefmt= "%X" (where X is the option)
<
*netrw-p6*
P6. I want my current directory to track my browsing.
How do I do that?
Put the following line in your |.vimrc|:
>
let g:netrw_keepdir= 0
<
*netrw-p7*
P7. I use Chinese (or other non-ascii) characters in my filenames, and
netrw (Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, etc) doesn't display them!
(taken from an answer provided by Wu Yongwei on the vim
mailing list)
I now see the problem. You code page is not 936, right? Vim
seems only able to open files with names that are valid in the
current code page, as are many other applications that do not
use the Unicode version of Windows APIs. This is an OS-related
issue. You should not have such problems when the system
locale uses UTF-8, such as modern Linux distros.
(...it is one more reason to recommend that people use utf-8!)
*netrw-p8*
P8. I'm getting "ssh is not executable on your system" -- what do I
do?
(Dudley Fox) Most people I know use putty for windows ssh. It
is a free ssh/telnet application. You can read more about it
here:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ Also:
(Marlin Unruh) This program also works for me. It's a single
executable, so he/she can copy it into the Windows\System32
folder and create a shortcut to it.
(Dudley Fox) You might also wish to consider plink, as it
sounds most similar to what you are looking for. plink is an
application in the putty suite.
http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.58/htmldoc/Chapter7.html#plink
(Vissale Neang) Maybe you can try OpenSSH for windows, which
can be obtained from:
http://sshwindows.sourceforge.net/
It doesn't need the full Cygwin package.
(Antoine Mechelynck) For individual Unix-like programs needed
for work in a native-Windows environment, I recommend getting
them from the GnuWin32 project on sourceforge if it has them:
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/
Unlike Cygwin, which sets up a Unix-like virtual machine on
top of Windows, GnuWin32 is a rewrite of Unix utilities with
Windows system calls, and its programs works quite well in the
cmd.exe "Dos box".
(dave) Download WinSCP and use that to connect to the server.
In Preferences > Editors, set gvim as your editor:
- Click "Add..."
- Set External Editor (adjust path as needed, include
the quotes and !.! at the end):
"c:\Program Files\Vim\vim70\gvim.exe" !.!
- Check that the filetype in the box below is
{asterisk}.{asterisk} (all files), or whatever types
you want (cec: change {asterisk} to * ; I had to
write it that way because otherwise the helptags
system thinks it's a tag)
- Make sure it's at the top of the listbox (click it,
then click "Up" if it's not)
If using the Norton Commander style, you just have to hit <F4>
to edit a file in a local copy of gvim.
(Vit Gottwald) How to generate public/private key and save
public key it on server: >
http://www.tartarus.org/~simon/puttydoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-gettingready
8.3 Getting ready for public key authentication
<
How to use a private key with 'pscp': >
http://www.tartarus.org/~simon/puttydoc/Chapter5.html
5.2.4 Using public key authentication with PSCP
<
(Ben Schmidt) I find the ssh included with cwRsync is
brilliant, and install cwRsync or cwRsyncServer on most
Windows systems I come across these days. I guess COPSSH,
packed by the same person, is probably even better for use as
just ssh on Windows, and probably includes sftp, etc. which I
suspect the cwRsync doesn't, though it might
(cec) To make proper use of these suggestions above, you will
need to modify the following user-settable variables in your
.vimrc:
|g:netrw_ssh_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd| |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
|g:netrw_rm_cmd| |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|
The first one (|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|) is the most important; most
of the others will use the string in g:netrw_ssh_cmd by
default.
*netrw-p9* *netrw-ml_get*
P9. I'm browsing, changing directory, and bang! ml_get errors
appear and I have to kill vim. Any way around this?
Normally netrw attempts to avoid writing swapfiles for
its temporary directory buffers. However, on some systems
this attempt appears to be causing ml_get errors to
appear. Please try setting |g:netrw_use_noswf| to 0
in your <.vimrc>: >
let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0
<
*netrw-p10*
P10. I'm being pestered with "[something] is a directory" and
"Press ENTER or type command to continue" prompts...
The "[something] is a directory" prompt is issued by Vim,
not by netrw, and there appears to be no way to work around
it. Coupled with the default cmdheight of 1, this message
causes the "Press ENTER..." prompt. So: read |hit-enter|;
I also suggest that you set your |'cmdheight'| to 2 (or more) in
your <.vimrc> file.
*netrw-p11*
P11. I want to have two windows; a thin one on the left and my editing
window on the right. How can I do this?
* Put the following line in your <.vimrc>:
let g:netrw_altv = 1
* Edit the current directory: :e .
* Select some file, press v
* Resize the windows as you wish (see |CTRL-W_<| and
|CTRL-W_>|). If you're using gvim, you can drag
the separating bar with your mouse.
* When you want a new file, use ctrl-w h to go back to the
netrw browser, select a file, then press P (see |CTRL-W_h|
and |netrw-P|). If you're using gvim, you can press
<leftmouse> in the browser window and then press the
<middlemouse> to select the file.
==============================================================================
11. Debugging Netrw Itself *netrw-debug* {{{1
The <netrw.vim> script is typically available as:
>
/usr/local/share/vim/vim6x/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim
/usr/local/share/vim/vim6x/autoload/netrw.vim
< -or- >
/usr/local/share/vim/vim7x/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim
/usr/local/share/vim/vim7x/autoload/netrw.vim
<
which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp).
1. Get the <Decho.vim> script, available as:
http://mysite.verizon.net/astronaut/vim/index.html#DECHO
or
http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=120
It now comes as a "vimball"; if you're using vim 7.0 or earlier,
you'll need to update vimball, too. See
http://mysite.verizon.net/astronaut/vim/index.html#VIMBALL
2. Edit the <netrw.vim> file by typing: >
vim netrw.vim
:DechoOn
:wq
<
To restore to normal non-debugging behavior, re-edit <netrw.vim>
and type >
vim netrw.vim
:DechoOff
:wq
<
This command, provided by <Decho.vim>, will comment out all
Decho-debugging statements (Dfunc(), Dret(), Decho(), Dredir()).
3. Then bring up vim and attempt to evoke the problem by doing a
transfer or doing some browsing. A set of messages should appear
concerning the steps that <netrw.vim> took in attempting to
read/write your file over the network in a separate tab.
To save the file, use >
:wincmd j
:set bt=
:w! DBG
< Please send that information to <netrw.vim>'s maintainer, >
NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM
<
==============================================================================
12. History *netrw-history* {{{1
v134: Sep 30, 2008 * (Sander Marechal) provided a bugfix involving
the use of the |netrw-t| command with a remote
directory.
Sep 30, 2008 * using "x" on a remote jpg was failing; fixed.
Oct 03, 2008 * bookmarks now go on a list and are stored to
the first directory on the |'runtimepath'| in
the hopes of making their retention reliable.
History now also goes to that directory.
Oct 07, 2008 * Included check that vim 7.0 or later is in use.
Oct 07, 2008 * Improved |g:netrw_retmap| handling.
Oct 12, 2008 * Based upon Sébastien Migniot's suggestion, if
cadaver isn't available then netrw will try to
use curl for the dav://... protocol.
Oct 13, 2008 * added @*/ to netrw buffers' |'iskeyword'|setting
This lets mf (|netrw-mf|) mark directories, links
and executables.
Oct 13, 2008 * avoids a second NetrwBrowse() refresh when
g:netrw_fastbrowse is <= 1 (slow, medium speed)
Oct 22, 2008 * |g:netrw_http_xcmd| may now be overridden
independently of |g:netrw_http_cmd|.
Oct 23, 2008 * [N] added to the various Explore commands to
let users specify the width/height of new
explorer windows, overriding |g:netrw_winsize|.
v133: Aug 10, 2008 * NetReadFixup() for win95 was missing some "a:"s
Aug 12, 2008 * (Jan Minář) an error condition in NetrwMethod()
wasn't being used, resulting in "b:netrw_fname
undefined" errors
Aug 12, 2008 * (François Ingeirest) asked that "hi link" be
changed to hi default link in the netrw syntax
files.
Aug 12, 2008 * using s:NetrwUnmarkList() more often. Filenames
were being left on the global list when removed
from the buffer-local lists.
Aug 14, 2008 * (Joshua Clayton) an errant extra ")" was left in
the rcp-handling portion of NetRead().
Sep 03, 2008 * added |'cursorline'| highlighting to thin, long,
and tree displays.
v132: Aug 06, 2008 * Fixed marked file-based obtain
Aug 08, 2008 * sourcing a file via ftp from a netrw-generated
buffer (or any buffer with |'nobl'|) left an
empty no-name buffer in its wake. Fixed.
v130: Jul 31, 2008 * trying out elinks/links for http://host/
requests. One problem: in-page links
(such as with ...#LABEL) are not supported
* verified that Bram's modified netrwPlugin works
Aug 01, 2008 * fixed a bug: when sourcing a file via ftp, the
"filter window" was left behind.
v129: Jul 31, 2008 * bug found in non-mouse enabled vim and some
local maps
v128: Jul 30, 2008 * much work done in using shellescape() and
fnameescape()
v126: Jun 30, 2008 * after having gone to a remote directory,
<f1> was no longer taking one to the correct
entry in the help (|netrw-quickhelp|). Fixed.
Jul 01, 2008 * extracting the last filename from a wide listing
missed the last letter when |'virtualedit'| not
enabled.
Jul 01, 2008 * vim foo/bar was creating [Scratch] buffers,
where bar was also a directory
Jul 01, 2008 * numerous additional changes were made to netrw
to use fnameescape() and shellescape() instead
of escape(). Not all changes have been tested
as yet...
Jul 01, 2008 * (James Vega reported) some problems with
:NetrwSettings (due to no longer used setting
variables).
Jul 07, 2008 * Additional numerous changes to support security;
shellescape(arg,1), etc.
v125: Apr 07, 2008 * (Cristian Rigamonti) CR provides a patch; he
noted that gx was failing since its call to
netrw#NetBrowseX() wasn't updated to
netrw#NetrwBrowseX().
* (Stanis Trendelenburg) ST provides a patch to
supports davs: (dav + ssl)
* (Rick Choi) noted that directory names comprised
of three digits were not being displayed by
the internal browser. Fixed.
* (Erik Falor) provided a patch to handle problems
with changing directory and |'acd'| option.
* (James Vega, Teemu Likonen) noted that netrw
wasn't handling multi-byte filenames/directories
correctly. Fixed.
* (Rick) found problem with g:netrw_maxfilenamelen
being overridden.
* (James Vega) pointed out that netrw was
misidentifying all files in a symbolically linked
directory as being symbolically linked
themselves. This particular problem was fixed;
however, there are now situations where
symbolically linked files will not be detected.
Really need an internal vim function to do this
identification.
Apr 17, 2008 * When g:netrw_keepdir==0, current directory
doesn't necessarily equal b:netrw_curdir
initially. Problem is due to the patch directly
above.
* Fixed qf to handle case where b:netrw_curdir
isn't the same as the current directory under
linux/macosx.
* New: |netrw-mg| (apply vimgrep to marked files)
May 05, 2008 * (Rick) pointed out that a "setlocal ts=32" was
interfering with g:netrw_maxfilenamelen
May 05, 2008 * (James Vega) a file inside a linked directory
was showing up as a symbolic link itself.
May 22, 2008 * symbolic links, fifos, and sockets are now
indicated by a trailing @, |, or =, respectively.
Jun 06, 2008 * Removed numerous bugs from the marked file
move and copy. Tested these changes under
Unix only thus far.
* :Rexplore returns to the screen position in the
netrw listing from whence the file was edited
v124: Apr 02, 2008 * (Adrian Rollett) change the line supporting the
"x" action for mac to use g:netrw_shq
v123: Feb 27, 2008 * Marked files now keeps a "global" marked file
list. The global marked file list is used to
support tag processing and vimdiff'ing
(|netrw-md| |netrw-mt|)
* Been insuring that mm and mc works with various
combinations of local and remote directories
* (Stefan Bittner) http://.../ should always have
filetype "html" -- fixed.
* (Stefan Bittner) a "?" in a http://.../ request
wasn't being handled correctly. Fixed by
removing ? from default |g:netrw_tmpfile_escape|.
* (Nico Weber) % codes in http://.../ requests
weren't being handled correctly. Fixed by
including % in default |g:netrw_fname_escape|.
* (Stefan Bittner) attempts to update Buffers.Refresh
were failing because locale use changed the menu
names. I implemented a workaround.
v122: Feb 12, 2008 * bugfix - first sorting sequence match now has
priority
Feb 14, 2008 * bugfix - sorting sequence was effectively ignoring
sequencing priority of anything following '*'
* toggling a marked file was showing incorrect list
(list was correct, but displayed matches weren't)
* |g:netrw_special_syntax| implemented
v121: Feb 11, 2008 * Bram M reported that :e file ... :e . would not
retain the alternate file. Fixed -- I hope!
* bugfix -- apparently v120 broke an explicit
:Explore dirname
v120: Jan 21, 2008 * |netrw-mt| changed to allow for target selection
based on whether or not word under cursor is a
directory or file, or if cursor is in banner
area.
* |netrw-mh| included (hiding by marked-file suffix)
* functions moved about a bit (improved
categorization)
* executable files now displayed with trailing (*)
* symbolically linked files now displayed with
trailing (@)
* Somewhen, s:NetrwMarkFileMove() got damaged. Its
now restored (missing an endif, for example).
* |netrw-mu| implemented (unmarking marked files)
* many bugs have been removed from the marked file
system (tnx to Mark S. for feedback)
* |netrw-ms| implemented (sourcing marked files)
* fixed use of P with tree listing style
* multiple tree listing now supported
* ./ suppressed
* changed q -> qb (query bookmarks)
* implemented |netrw-qf|
* Explore now has four special list-generation
modes: */filepat **/filepat
*//pattern **//pattern
* gh (|netrw-gh|) is a shortcut for toggling the
hiding of files and directories beginning with a
dot
v119: Jan 10, 2008 * When g:netrw_keepdir is false,
NetrwOptionsRestore() had a problem
(Bill McCarthy)
Jan 11, 2008 * Netrw now shows symbolic links with a trailing
"@" and special highlighting.
Jan 15, 2008 * Changed g:netrw_noretmap -> |g:netrw_retmap|.
Changed: disabled by default at Bram's
preference.
v118: Jan 02, 2008 * Fixed a problem with Windows;
:Explore c:/path/ would not work,
but :Explore c:/path would.
* Fixed a bug in s:NetrwOptionRestore() - lcd's
argument wasn't being properly escaped so it
wouldn't handle spaces in directory names.
(Gary Johnson)
v117: Jan 02, 2008 * Fixed a problem with P; had to include
a b:netrw_curdir bypass (Bram Moolenaar)
v116: Nov 27, 2007 * netrw#LocalBrowseCheck() has &ft=="netrw"
check to prevent doing a directory listing
(was getting unexpected directory refreshes
in the middle of some function calls)
* NetrwOptionRestore moved after e! filename
in order to retain user options for editing
in s:NetrwBrowseChgDir()
Dec 12, 2007 * Bug fix -- netrw does a better job of retaining
user options when editing files under the aegis
of the browser
v115: Oct 04, 2007 * Erik Remmelzwaal pointed out that the use of
shellslash in s:GetTempfile() was incorrect
Oct 11, 2007 * Tracked down and eliminated a bug with editing
remote *.tar.gz and *.tar.bz2 files
Oct 11, 2007 * g:netrw_localmovecmd wasn't being initialized
properly, and g:netrw_localcopycmd was being
overwritten.
Oct 12, 2007 * Placed all :Rexplore and <2-leftmouse> setup
in a new support function (s:SetRexDir()).
Oct 15, 2007 * new: g:netrw_browse_split == 4; means <cr>
based selection will use previous window
Oct 20, 2007 * also checks on |'shellxquote'| to set g:netrw_shq
Oct 24, 2007 * Explore handles path/**/filename
Oct 27, 2007 * sourcing remote files often didn't work with ftp,
turns out that b:netrw_method was undefined, so
s:SaveBufVars and s:RestoreBufVars() fixed it.
v114: Sep 28, 2007 * mT, the map that invokes tags, has been improved
to support use of remote tags files.
Oct 02, 2007 * changed Netrw menu to use more submenus
v113: Sep 07, 2007 * worked out why the cursor position wasn't being
saved and restored as intended after doing such
things as deleting and renaming files.
Sep 11, 2007 * Fixed bug which effectively disabled <c-l> and
<c-h> maps
Sep 18, 2007 * there used to be one NetrwOptionRestore() call at
the end of the s:NetrwBrowseChgDir() function;
they're now at the end of every if..elseif..else
block. The edit-a-file one is not quite at the end
of its block; instead, its just before the edit.
Restores user options, then this new placement
allows ftplugins, autocmds, etc to change settings
(ex. ftplugin/cpp.vim sets cindent).
Sep 19, 2007 * changed all strlen() calls to use s:Strlen(), a
function which handles utf-8 wide characters
correctly.
Sep 20, 2007 * (Nico Weber) the "x" command has been extended
to Mac's OS/X (macunix); it now uses open to
handle |netrw-x| browsing with special files.
Sep 22, 2007 * Added g:netrw_noretmap to netrw at Tony M's
request.
* Included path to NetrwRemoteRmFile()
v112: Aug 18, 2007 * added mx (|netrw-mx|) for executing arbitrary
commands on marked files
Aug 22, 2007 * more option save/restore work for
s:NetrwBrowseChgDir(); s:NetrwOptionSave()
and s:NetrwOptionRestore() now take a parameter
specifying the type of variables to be used for
saving and restoring (either "w:" or "s:")
Sep 04, 2007 * added the :NetrwClean[!] command
v111: Jul 25, 2007 * using Windows but not using Cygwin, netrw does a
"file bufname" where the bufname uses /s
instead of \s; Vim "fixes" it by changing the
bufname to use \s anyway. This meant that
NetrwGetBuffer() didn't find the appropriately
named buffer, and so would generate a new
buffer listing; hence the cursor would appear
to have been moved when doing a preview.
* added <2-leftmouse> map to return to netrw's
browser display
Aug 16, 2007 * added the mark-file system, including
maps for mf mp mt mz and mu. Modifications
made to maps for a D O and R to support
marked files.
v110: May 10, 2007 * added [ and ] maps to NetrwTreeListing
May 25, 2007 * |g:netrw_preview| included
May 29, 2007 * modifed netrw#NetBrowseX to consistently use
g:netrw_shq instead of hardcoded quotes,
and modified the snippet that sets up redir
so Windows machines use "nul" instead of
"/dev/null".
Jun 01, 2007 * fixed bug -- NetGetBuffer() wasn't always
recognizing a buffer name match when it should,
thus resulting in [Scratch] buffers.
Jun 04, 2007 * Gary Johnson found a bugfix for the "c" mapping
when the directory is to be made current but
the name contains spaces.
v109: Mar 26, 2007 * if a directory name includes a "$" character,
Explore() will use expand() in an attempt to
decipher the name.
May 07, 2007 * g:netrw_use_errorwindow now allows one to
have error messages go to a reliable window
or to use a less reliable but recallable
echoerr method
May 07, 2007 * g:netrw_scpport and g:netrw_sshport support
use of -P and -p, respectively, to set port
for scp/ssh.
v108: Jan 03, 2007 * included preview map (|netrw-p|), supporting
remote browsing
* netrw can now source remote files
Jan 26, 2007 * Colton Jamieson noted that remote directory
browsing did not support alternate port
selection. This feature has now been extended
to apply to all remote browsing commands via ssh.
(list, remove/delete, rename)
Jan 31, 2007 * Luis Florit reported that @* was an invalid
register. The @* register is now only saved and
restored if |'guioptions'| contains "a".
Feb 02, 2007 * Fixed a bug that cropped up when writing files
via scp using cygwin
Feb 08, 2007 * tree listing mode managed to stop working again;
fixed again!
Feb 15, 2007 * Guido Van Hoecke reported that netrw didn't
handle browsing well with M$ ftp servers. He even
set up a temporary account for me to test with
(thanks!). Netrw now can browse M$ ftp servers.
v107: Oct 12, 2006 * bypassed the autowrite option
Oct 24, 2006 * handles automatic decompression of *.gz and *.bz2
files
Nov 03, 2006 * Explore will highlight matching files when
**/pattern is used (and if the |'hls'| option
is set)
Nov 09, 2006 * a debugging line, when enabled, was inadvertently
bringing up help instead of simply reporting on
list contents
Nov 21, 2006 * tree listing improved (cursor remains put)
Nov 27, 2006 * fixed b:netrw_curdir bug when repeated "i"s were
pressed.
Dec 15, 2006 * considerable qty of changes, mostly to share more
code between local and remote browsing. Includes
support for tree-style listing for both remote
and local browsing.
Dec 15, 2006 * Included Peter Bengtsson's modifications to
support the Amiga.
v106: Sep 21, 2006 * removed old v:version<700 code as netrw now
requires vim 7.0
* worked around a bug where register * was
overwritten during local browsing
v104: Sep 05, 2006 * as suggested by Rodolfo Borges, :Explore and
variants will position the cursor on the file
just having been edited
* changed default |g:netrw_sort_sequence| order
* changed b, Nb to simply mb (see |netrw-mb|)
* changed B, NB to simply gb (see |netrw-gb|)
* tree listing style (see |g:netrw_liststyle|)
* attempts to retain the alternate file
v103: Jul 26, 2006 * used Yakov Lerner's tip#1289 to improve netrw
error message display
* wide listings didn't handle files with backslashes
in their names properly. A symptom was an
inability to open files.
Aug 09, 2006 * included "t" mapping for opening tabbed windows,
both for remote and local browsing
* changed netrw_longlist to netrw_liststyle
Aug 15, 2006 * fixed one of the NB maps
Aug 22, 2006 * changed *Explore commands to use -nargs=* instead
of -nargs=?. Allows both -complete=dir _and_ the
starstar arguments to work (-nargs=? seems to
require one or the other).
Aug 23, 2006 * copied all w:.. variables across splits to
new windows
Aug 25, 2006 * when g:netrw_browsex_viewer was '-'
(see |g:netrw_browsex_viewer|) it wasn't causing
netrwFileHandlers#Invoke() to be called as it
was expected to. (tnx Steve Dugaro)
Aug 29, 2006 * changed NetBrowseX() to use "setlocal ... noswf"
instead of "set ... noswf" (tnx Benji Fisher)
Aug 31, 2006 * tabs and fastbrowse<=1 didn't work together.
v102: Jun 15, 2006 * chgd netrwPlugin to call netrw#LocalBrowseCheck()
* bugfix: g:netrw_keepdir==0 had stopped working
Jul 06, 2006 * bugfix: NetOptionSave/Restore now saves/restores
the unnamed register (|registers|)
Jul 07, 2006 * |g:netrw_menu| support included
Jul 13, 2006 * :Texplore command implemented
Jul 17, 2006 * NetSplit and (Local|Net)BrowseChgDir() were both
splitting windows. This affected o, v, and
g:netrw_browse_split.
Jul 20, 2006 * works around wildignore setting (was causing
netrw's local browser not to list wildignore'd
files)
Jul 24, 2006 * <leftmouse> acts as a <cr> for selecting a file
<rightmouse> acts as a <del> for deleting a file
v100: May 14, 2006 * when using Windows and shell==cmd.exe, the
default for g:netrw_ignorenetrc is now 1
* bugfix: unwanted ^Ms now removed
(affected shell==cmd.exe - Windows)
* added Bookmarks and History to the menu
* an error message about non-existing
w:netrw_longlist was appearing during attempts to
Explore (fixed)
* g:netrw_shq now available to make netrw use
specified style of quotes for commands
May 29, 2006 * user NFH_*() functions were inadvertently being
ignored
* fixed a Windows non-cygwin ftp handling problem.
* hiding pattern candidate separators included some
characters it shouldn't have (tnx to Osei Poku)
Jun 01, 2006 * for browsing, netrw was supposed to use "dir"
instead of "ls -lF" when using
ftp+non-cygwin+windows. Fixed.
* an inadvertently left-in-place debugging statement
was preventing use of the "x" key with browsing.
Jun 05, 2006 * g:netrw_nogx available to prevent making the gx
map (see |g:netrw_nogx|)
* bugfix, Explore wouldn't change directory
properly (vim ., :Explore subdirname)
Jun 06, 2006 * moved history to 2nd line in Netrw menu
* fixed delete for unix-based systems
Jun 07, 2006 * x key now works for windows-noncygwin-ftp
Jun 08, 2006 * Explore */pat and **//pat now wraps
v99: May 09, 2006 * g:netrw_browse_split=3 for opening files in new
tabs implemented.
May 12, 2006 * deletes temporary file at end of NetRead()
* visual mode based Obtain implemented
* added -complete=dir to the various Explore
commands
v98: May 02, 2006 * the "p" key didn't work properly when the browsing
directory name had spaces in it.
v97: May 01, 2006 * exists("&acd") now used to determine if
the 'acd' option exists
* "obtain" now works again under Windows
v96: * bugfix - the |'acd'| option is not always defined
but is now bypassed only when it is
v95: * bugfix - Hiding mode worked correctly (don't show
any file matching any of the g:netrw_hide
patterns), but showing mode was showing only those
files that didn't match any of the g:netrw_hide
patterns. Instead, it now shows all files that
match any of the g:netrw_hide patterns (the
difference between a logical and and logical or).
v94: * bugfix - a Decho() had a missing quote; only
affects things when debugging was enabled.
v93: * bugfix - removed FocusGained event from causing a
slow-browser refresh for Windows
v92: * :Explore **//pattern implemented
(**/filepattern was already taken)
v91: * :Explore */pattern implemented
* |'acd'| option bypassed
v90: * mark ', as suggested by Yegappan Lakshmanan, used
to help guarantee entry into the jump list when
appropriate.
* <s-down> and <s-up> are no longer defined until a
:Explore **/pattern is used (if the user already
has a map for them). They will be defined for new
browser windows from that point forward.
v89: * A <s-down>, <s-up>, :Nexplore, or a :Pexplore
without having first done an :Explore **/pattern
(see |netrw-starstar|) caused
a lot of unhelpful error messages to appear
v88: * moved DrChip.Netrw menu to Netrw. Now has
priority 80 by default.
g:NetrwTopLvlMenu == "Netrw" and can be changed
by the user to suit. The priority is given by
g:NetrwMenuPriority.
* Changed filetype for browser displays from
netrwlist to netrw.
v87: * bug fix -- menus were partially disappearing
v85: * bug fix -- missing an endif
* bug fix -- handles spaces in names and directories
when using ftp-based browsing
v83: * disabled stop-acd handling; the change in directory
handling may allow acd to be used again.
* D was refusing to delete remote files/directories
in wide listing mode.
v81: * FocusGained also used to refresh/wipe local browser
directory buffers
* (bugfix) netrw was leaving [Scratch] buffers behind
when the user had the "hidden" option set. The
'hidden' option is now bypassed.
v80: * ShellCmdPost event used in conjunction with
g:netrw_fastbrowse to refresh/wipe local browser
directory buffers.
v79: * directories are now displayed with nowrap
* (bugfix) if the column width was smaller than the
largest file's name, then netrw would hang when
using wide-listing mode - fixed
* g:netrw_fastbrowse introduced
v78: * progress has been made on allowing spaces inside
directory names for remote work (reading, writing,
browsing). (scp)
v77: * Mikolaj Machowski fixed a bug in a substitute cmd
* g:netrw_browsex_viewer implemented
* Mikolaj Machowski pointed out that gnome-open is
often executable under KDE systems, although it is
effectively not functional. NetBrowseX now looks
for "kicker" as a running process to determine if
KDE is actually running.
* Explorer's O functionality was inadvertently left
out. Netrw now does the same thing, but with the
"P" key.
* added g:netrw_browse_split option
* fixed a bug where the directory contained a "." but
the file didn't (was treating the dirname from "."
onwards as a suffix)
v76: * "directory is missing" error message now restores
echo highlighting
v75: * file://... now conforms to RFC2396 (thanks to
S. Zacchiroli)
* if the binary option is set, then NetWrite() will
only write the whole file (line numbers don't make
sense with this). Supports writing of tar and zip
files.
v74: * bugfix (vim, then :Explore) now works
* ctrl-L keeps cursor at same screen location (both
local and remote browsing)
* netrw now can read remote zip and tar files
* Obtain now uses WinXP ftp+.netrc successfully
v73: * bugfix -- scp://host/path/file was getting named
incorrectly
* netrw detects use of earlier-than-7.0 version of
vim and issues a pertinent error message.
* netrwSettings.vim is now uses autoloading. Only
<netrwPlugin.vim> is needed as a pure plugin
(ie. always loaded).
v72: * bugfix -- formerly, one could prevent the loading
of netrw by "let g:loaded_netrw=1"; when
autoloading became supported, this feature was
lost. It is now restored.
v71: * bugfix -- made some "set nomodifiable"s into
setlocal variants (allows :e somenewfile to be
modifiable as usual)
* NetrwSettings calls a netrw function, thereby
assuring that netrw has loaded. However, if netrw
does not load for whatever reason, then
NetrwSettings will now issue a warning message.
* For what reason I don't recall, when wget and fetch
are both not present, and an attempt to read a
http://... url is made, netrw exited. It now only
returns.
* When ch=1, on the second and subsequent uses of
browsing Netrw would issue a blank line to clear
the echo'd messages. This caused an annoying
"Hit-Enter" prompt; now a blank line message
is echo'd only if &ch>1.
v70: * when using |netrw-O|, the "Obtaining filename"
message is now shown using |hl-User9|. If User9
has not been defined, netrw itself will define it.
v69: * Bugfix: win95/98 machines were experiencing a
"E121: Undefined variable: g:netrw_win95ftp"
message
v68: * double-click-leftmouse selects word under mouse
v67: * Passwords which contain blanks will now be
surrounded by double-quotes automatically (Yongwei)
v66: * Netrw now seems to work with a few more Windows
situations
* O now obtains a file: remote browsing
file -> local copy, locally browsing
file -> current directory (see :pwd)
* i now cycles between thin, long, and wide listing
styles
* NB and Nb are maps that are always available;
corresponding B and b maps are only available when
not using wide listing in order to allow them to
be used for motions
v65: * Browser functions now use NetOptionSave/Restore; in
particular, netrw now works around the report
setting
v64: * Bugfix - browsing a "/" directory (Unix) yielded
buffers named "[Scratch]" instead of "/"
* Bugfix - remote browsing with ftp was omitting
the ./ and ../
v63: * netrw now takes advantage of autoload (needs 7.0)
* Bugfix - using r (to reverse sort) working again
v62: * Bugfix - spaces allowed again in directory names
with g:netrw_keepdir=0. In fact, I've tested netrw
with most ANSI punctuation marks for directory
names.
* Bugfix - NetrwSettings gave errors when
g:netrw_silent had not be set.
v61: * Document upgrade -- netrw variable-based settings
all should have tags. Supports NetrwSettings cmd.
* Several important variables are window-oriented.
Netrw has to transfer these across a window split.
See s:BufWinVars() and s:UseBufWinVars().
v60: * When using the i map to switch between long and
short listings, netrw will now keep cursor on same
line
* "Match # of #" now uses status line
* :Explore **/*.c will now work from a
non-netrw-browser window
* :Explore **/patterns can now be run in separate
browser windows
* active banner (hit <cr> will cause various things
to happen)
v59: * bugfix -- another keepalt work-around installed
(for vim6.3)
* "Match # of #" for Explore **/pattern matches
v58: * Explore and relatives can now handle
**/somefilepattern (v7)
* Nexplore and Pexplore introduced (v7). shift-down
and shift-up cursor keys will invoke Nexplore and
Pexplore, respectively.
* bug fixed with o and v
* autochdir only worked around for vim when it has
been compiled with either
|+netbeans_intg| or |+sun_workshop|
* Under Windows, all directories and files were
being preceded with a "/" when local browsing.
Fixed.
* When: syntax highlighting is off, laststatus=2, and
remote browsing is used, sometimes the laststatus
highlighting bleeds into the entire display. Work
around - do an extra redraw in that case.
* Bugfix: when g:netrw_keepdir=0, due to re-use of
buffers, netrw didn't change the directory when it
should've
* Bugfix: D and R commands work again
v57: * Explore and relatives can now handle RO files
* reverse sort restored with vim7's sort command
* g:netrw_keepdir now being used to keep the current
directory unchanged as intended (sense change)
* vim 6.3 still supported
v56: * LocalBrowse now saves autochdir setting, unsets it,
and restores it before returning.
* using vim's rename() instead of system +
local_rename variable
* avoids changing directory when g:netrw_keepdir is
false
v55: * -bar used with :Explore :Sexplore etc to allow
multiple commands to be separated by |s
* browser listings now use the "nowrap" option
* browser: some unuseful error messages now
suppressed
v54: * For backwards compatibility, Explore and Sexplore
have been implemented. In addition, Hexplore and
Vexplore commands are available, too.
* <amatch> used instead of <afile> in the
transparency support (BufReadCmd, FileReadCmd,
FileWriteCmd)
* ***netrw*** prepended to various error messages
netrw may emit
* g:netrw_port used instead of b:netrw_port for scp
* any leading [:#] is removed from port numbers
v53: * backslashes as well as slashes placed in various
patterns (ex. g:netrw_sort_sequence) to better
support Windows
v52: * nonumber'ing now set for browsing buffers
* when the hiding list hid all files, error messages
ensued. Fixed
* when browsing, swf is set, but directory is not
set, when netrw was attempting to restore options,
vim wanted to save a swapfile to a local directory
using an url-style path. Fixed
v51: * cygwin detection now automated
(using windows and &shell is bash)
* customizable browser "file" rejection patterns
* directory history
* :[range]w url now supported (ie. netrw uses a
FileWriteCmd event)
* error messages have a "Press <cr> to continue" to
allow them to be seen
* directory browser displays no longer bother the
swapfile
* u/U commands to go up and down the history stack
* history stack may be saved with viminfo with it's
"!" option
* bugfixes associated with unwanted [No Files]
entries
v50: * directories now displayed using buftype=nofile;
should keep the directory names as-is
* attempts to remove empty "[No File]" buffers
leftover from :file ..name.. commands
* bugfix: a "caps-lock" editing difficulty left in
v49 was fixed
* syntax highlighting for "Showing:" the hiding list
included
* bookmarks can now be retained if "!" is in the
viminfo option
v49: * will use ftp for http://.../ browsing
v48: * One may use ftp to do remote host file browsing
* (windows and !cygwin) remote browsing with ftp can
now use the "dir" command internally to provide
listings
* g:netrw_keepdir now allows one to keep the initial
current directory as the current directory
(normally the local file browser makes the
currently viewed directory the current directory)
* g:netrw_alto and g:netrw_altv now support
alternate placement of windows started with o or v
* Nread ? and Nwrite ? now uses echomsg (instead of
echo) so :messages can repeat showing the help
* bugfix: avoids problems with partial matches of
directory names to prior buffers with longer names
* one can suppress error messages with g:netrw_quiet
ctrl-h used
* instead of <Leader>h for editing hiding list one
may edit the sorting sequence with the S map, which
now allows confirmation of deletion with
[y(es) n(o) a(ll) q(uit)]
* the "x" map now handles special file viewing with:
(windows) rundll32 url.dll (gnome) gnome-open (kde)
kfmclient If none of these are on the executable
path, then netrwFileHandlers.vim is used.
* directory bookmarking during both local and remote
browsing implemented
* one may view all, use the hiding list to suppress,
or use the hiding list to show-only remote and
local file/directory listings
* improved unusual file and directory name handling
preview window support
v47: * now handles local browsing.
v46: * now handles remote browsing
* g:netrw_silent (if 1) will cause all transfers to
be silent
v45: * made the [user@]hostname:path form a bit more
restrictive to better handle errors in using
protocols (e.g. scp:usr@host:file was being
recognized as an rcp request)
v44: * changed from "rsync -a" to just "rsync"
* somehow an editing error messed up the test to
recognize use of the fetch method for NetRead.
* more debugging statements included
v43: * moved "Explanation" comments to <pi_netrw.txt> help
file as "Network Reference" (|netrw-ref|)
* <netrw.vim> now uses Dfunc() Decho() and Dret() for
debugging
* removed superfluous NetRestorePosn() calls
v42: * now does BufReadPre and BufReadPost events on
file:///* and file://localhost/*
v41: * installed file:///* and file://localhost/* handling
v40: * prevents redraw when a protocol error occurs so
that the user may see it
v39: * sftp support
v38: * Now uses NetRestorePosn() calls with Nread/Nwrite
commands
* Temporary files now removed via bwipe! instead of
bwipe (thanks to Dave Roberts)
v37: * Claar's modifications which test if ftp is
successful, otherwise give an error message
* After a read, the alternate file was pointing to
the temp file. The temp file buffer is now wiped
out.
* removed silent from transfer methods so user can
see what's happening
==============================================================================
12. Credits *netrw-credits* {{{1
Vim editor by Bram Moolenaar (Thanks, Bram!)
dav support by C Campbell
fetch support by Bram Moolenaar and C Campbell
ftp support by C Campbell <NdrOchip@ScampbellPfamily.AbizM>
http support by Bram Moolenaar <bram@moolenaar.net>
rcp
rsync support by C Campbell (suggested by Erik Warendorph)
scp support by raf <raf@comdyn.com.au>
sftp support by C Campbell
inputsecret(), BufReadCmd, BufWriteCmd contributed by C Campbell
Jérôme Augé -- also using new buffer method with ftp+.netrc
Bram Moolenaar -- obviously vim itself, :e and v:cmdarg use,
fetch,...
Yasuhiro Matsumoto -- pointing out undo+0r problem and a solution
Erik Warendorph -- for several suggestions (g:netrw_..._cmd
variables, rsync etc)
Doug Claar -- modifications to test for success with ftp
operation
==============================================================================
Modelines: {{{1
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:fdm=marker
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